潮滩植物翅碱蓬对Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd累积及其重金属耐性

以辽宁盘锦双台子河口潮滩湿地生态系统一种常见土著植物翅碱蓬(Suaedaheteroptera)作为研究对象,分析了Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd在该植物体内的累积分布、迁移规律并对其重金属的耐性进行了初步的探讨。结果表明,其对Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd四种重金属在不同潮滩均有比较明显的累积效应,累积量均表现为Zn >Pb >Cu >Cd ,而累积吸收系数分别达到4.7、4.6、3 .1和4.9,生物富集吸收系数分别为0 .97、1.73、0 .41和2 .2 3 ;研究结果还表明,由于该植物对上述四种重金属有一定的选择吸收耐性,其累积在植物的不同部位存在明显的差异,其中Cu表现为根>茎>叶,Zn表现为叶>根>茎,Pb表现为根>叶>茎,Cd表现为根>茎≈叶,而迁移效率表现为Zn >Cu >Cd >Pb。     

酒糟制取高蛋白菌体饲料优质菌种对碳源氮源利用率的研究

研究了8503和8505二白种在以白酒糟、薯干酒精糟及两糟混合的培养液中培养，对该酒糟培养液中还原糖的利用率和氮的转化率的分析检测方法．通过对绝于菌体质量的时变曲线与菌种对碳源利用率和氮源转化率的时变曲线的对比研究，可以看到该菌种在酒糟培养液中对碳源和氮源的利用率与转化率的规律性，经48h或72h发酵后碳源利用率可达90％左右，本实验最高达92．92％，氮源转化率一般可达50％～70％，本实验最高达68.41％，每100ml培养液中绝干菌体质量最高达0.78399。     

基因工程的潜在影响及其对有机食品产业的冲击

基因工程的研究发展非常迅速，使其在农业和食品加工领域的应用成为不可避免，但其安全性问题在世界范围内引起了非常广泛的争议。从基因工程内涵和有机农业的要求及目标出发，讨论了基因工程的潜在影响及其对发展有机食品产业的冲击。认为有机农业运动面临的紧迫问题是尽快协调所有的行动方案来保证有机食品永远不涉及基因工程生物体。有机农业正面临基因工程的挑战，其发展的潜力是建立一个完全独立的有机食品市场。     

改进Fenton体系处理蒽醌染料的研究

以活性艳蓝KN-R作为研究对象,用UV/Fenton和solar/Fenton/草酸(H2C O4)体系对其进行处理,对反应体系的影响因素作综合的评价.得到处理蒽醌染料废水的最佳条件:dye(活性艳蓝KN-R):Fe2 :H2O2:H2C2O4为5:1:15:1.5,pH为3.0,反应时间为40 min.在最佳条件下,solar/Fenton/H2C2O4体系脱色率达到100%,COD和TOC去除率分别达到87%和66%以上.改进的Fenton方法能使难降解有机染料迅速脱色,矿化程度较高.并对此体系处理活性艳蓝KN-R废水的脱色过程进行动力学模拟,得到此反应为拟一级反应.     

锌镀层退镀废液中锌酸治理回收技术

本研究以锌镀层退底废液中锌配备顺收为例探讨从盐酸体系中分离酸－金属的工艺特点，选取了高效又价廉的国产萃取剂（Ｎ－２３５）和反萃剂（生石灰），建立了新的回收处理工艺路线，中试结果证明此工艺在技术上和设备上是可行的。     

推进城市再生水源热泵供热，实现节能减排新突破——沈阳市再生水源热泵供热进展

再生水源热泵供热是指利用热泵技术提取再生水中的低品位热能为建筑物供热。本文以沈阳市系统推进该项节能减排技术为例,阐述了其对国内城市推广再生水源热泵技术供热的重大示范意义,并提出了进一步发展再生水源热泵供热的对策建议。     

炼油厂污水处理工艺改造与技术方案优化

随着科学技术进步和环保要求的提高,大多数工业污水场都面临着技术完善与改造。选择技术先进、投资少、效果好的技术方案,改造老的炼油污水处理厂,使其发挥更大的潜力。通过针对老式炼油污水处理场运转过程存在诸如无调解罐、浮渣量大、脱氮能力差等问题进行分析,结合当前污水处理技术,提出相应的改造方案,并就改造后的结果进行了讨论。     

Effects of exogenous organic chelators on phytochelatins production and its relationship with cadmium toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under cadmium stress

Phytochelatins (PCs) have been proposed as a potential biomarker for metal toxicity. In this study, cadmium (Cd) toxicity, PCs production and their relationship in wheat under Cd stress were examined using various exogenous organic chelator-buffered nutrient solutions. Single Cd stress produced strong toxic effects, as indicated by decreases of growth parameters, high level of lipid peroxidation in leaf and overproduction of PCs in root. Exogenous organic chelators with proper dose more or less reduced Cd toxicity by increasing growth parameters and decreasing lipid peroxidation in leaves. Of organic chelators (EDTA, DTPA, citric acid, malic acid and oxalic acid), EDTA was the most effective in decreasing Cd toxicity in plants, followed by DTPA and citric acid. Simultaneously, the concentrations of Cd-induced PCs in roots decreased, and the greatest decrease was caused by application of EDTA and DTPA. Linearly positive relationships were observed between Cd toxicity and root PCs concentrations under the influences of organic chelators, particularly EDTA, DTPA and citric acid. Furthermore, present results provide stronger evidence that PCs synthesis in plant cells was related to free Cd ion concentrations, not total Cd, and demonstrate that the levels of PCs production in plants correlated well with toxic effects caused by the bioavailable Cd levels.     

Effects of EDTA and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on plant growth and heavy metal uptake of hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance

Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environment-friendly strategy for decontaminating heavy-metal-contaminated soil. However, the practical use of phytoremediation is constrained by the low biomass of plants and low bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the metal chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and EDTA in combination with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Burkholderia sp. D54 or Burkholderia sp. D416) on the growth and metal uptake of the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance. According to the results, EDTA application decreased shoot and root biomass by 50% and 43%, respectively. The soil respiration and Cd, Pb, Zn uptake were depressed, while the photosynthetic rate, glutathione and phytochelatin (PC) contents were increased by EDTA application. Interestingly, Burkholderia sp. D54 and Burkholderia sp. D416 inoculation significantly relieved the inhibitory effects of EDTA on plant growth and soil respiration. Compared with the control, EDTA + D416 treatment increased the Cd concentration in shoots and decreased the Pb concentration in shoots and roots, but did not change the Zn concentration in S. alfredii plants. Furthermore, EDTA, EDTA + D54 and EDTA + D416 application increased the cysteine and PC contents in S. alfredii (p < 0.05); among all tested PCs, the most abundant species was PC2, and compared with the control, the PC2 content was increased by 371.0%, 1158.6% and 815.6%, respectively. These results will provide some insights into the practical use of EDTA and PGPR in the phytoremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil by S. alfredii.