改变垫水层沸点的薄层扬沸实验研究

扬沸是油池火灾的一种特殊现象,燃料和垫水层交界面的过热温度和沸腾状态是决定扬沸是否发生以及发生时间的最主要因素,过热温度由沸点决定。在垫水层中添加氯化钠能够改变垫水层的沸点,从而改变交界面的过热温度。在垫水层添加氯化钠使其成为饱和氯化钠水溶液,对此条件下的油池火燃烧进行实验探究,以验证前人关于扬沸临界条件的研究结果,并为扬沸防治提供思路。垫水层改变为饱和氯化钠溶液后,柴油实验组均没有发生扬沸,且观察到火焰温度和热辐射强度的下降。表明此方法可以有效抑制扬沸的发生。     

基于修正A值法的吉林市城区控制区大气环境容量研究

为了解吉林市城区的大气容量,以2018年吉林市气象数据和污染物质量浓度数据为基础,分别采用单箱模型法和保证达标率法对A值进行修正,同时对吉林市城区控制区内大气环境容量和低架源年允许排放总量进行估算.结果表明:单箱模型法修正A值为6.600,概率公式达标率保证法得到 SO2、NO2、PM10和 PM2.5的A值分别为5.600、5.600、5.665、5.777;单箱模型法修正A值日分布呈单峰分布,月变化无明显规律;两种方法修正A值得到的大气环境容量Qa和低架源年允许排放总量限值Qb有一定差异.研究可为控制吉林市大气污染物排放总量和产业结构优化与调整提供依据.     

三峡工程蓄水前后长江口水域营养盐结构及限制特征

根据2002～2004年11月对长江口及其邻近海域的调查结果,比较了三峡工程蓄水前后该海域溶解态营养盐结构以及浮游植物生长潜在的营养盐限制状况,初步分析了导致蓄水前后营养盐结构及限制状况变化的可能原因.结果表明,蓄水后口门内N∶P和Si∶P呈上升的趋势,N∶P增加了40％以上,Si∶P上升了6％,而Si∶N降低了26％.蓄水后口门外营养盐结构的变化趋势与口门内相似,但N∶P升高更为显著,与蓄水前相比增加了2倍以上,但Si∶N降低了20％.该水域浮游植物生长潜在的磷限制在三峡蓄水后增强.具有磷限制特征的样品比例从蓄水前的28.6%增加到蓄水后的70%以上,表明该海域潜在的磷限制区域有扩大的趋势.尽管蓄水后Si∶N降低显著,但未导致该水域出现潜在的硅限制.     

Changes in different organic matter fractions during conventional treatment and advanced treatment

XAD-8 resin isolation of organic matter in water was used to divide organic matter into the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions. A pilot plant was used to investigate the change in both fractions during conventional and advanced treatment processes. The treatment of hydrophobic organics (HPO), rather than hydrophilic organicas (HPI), should carry greater emphasis due to HPO’s higher trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP). The removal of hydrophobic matter and its transmission into hydrophilic matter reduced ultimate DBP yield during the disinfection process. The results showed that sand filtration, ozonation, and biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration had distinct influences on the removal of both organic fractions. Additionally, the combination of processes changed the organic fraction proportions present during treatment. The use of ozonation and BAC maximized organic matter removal e ciency, especially for the hydrophobic fraction. In sum, the combination of pre-ozonation, conventional treatment, and O3-BAC removed 48% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 60% of HPO, 30% of HPI, 63% of THMFP, and 85% of HAAFP. The use of conventional treatment and O3-BAC without pre-ozonation had a comparable performance, removing 51% of DOC, 56% of HPO, 45% of HPI, 61% of THMFP, and 72% of HAAFP. The e ectiveness of this analysis method indicated that resin isolation and fractionation should be standardized as an applicable test to help assess water treatment process e ciency.     

铁系混凝剂对大红染料废水处理效果研究

采用Fe(NO)3.39H2O和FeSO.47H2O混凝剂处理模拟大红染料废水,通过改变各药剂投加量及废水pH值,考察其对废水COD和色度的去除效果。实验结果表明:两种混凝剂在处理大红染料废水中都表现出了较好的脱色性能,而Fe(NO3)3.9H2O的去除性能较FeSO.47H2O更为优越。Fe(NO)3.39H2O对染料废水的脱色作用十分显著,所有的脱色率都在86%以上。当投加量为0.18 g时,脱色率达最大值93.3%;当投加量为0.24 g时,COD去除率为63.6%。FeSO.47H2O对废水色度的去除效果好于COD的去除。其最佳投加量为1.5 g,此时,脱色率达82.4%;当投加量为0.9 g时,COD去除率为51.8%。Fe(NO)3.39H2O在pH为5.0~9.0之间处理效果都较好,当pH=8时,其脱色率最高,为93.4%;FeSO.47H2O在pH为6.0~8.0之间最佳,当pH=8时,脱色率最高为83.2%。     

测定水中氰化物影响条件的实验研究

异烟酸一吡唑啉酮分光光度法在实际应用中稳定性较差,通过对显色反应条件的试验,以及对其他影响因素的分析,探索测定了反应的最佳条件。     

中国规划环境影响评价中存在的问题与对策

本文对我国规划环境影响评价中存在的问题进行了分析,提出完善规划环评机制,强化规划环评的审批管理．加强有关规划环评技术方法的研究,提高规划环评审批者及相关专家的业务水平等推进规划环评的措施．     

微震实时监测系统在金山店铁矿中的应用

本文介绍金山店铁矿微震实时监测系统的构成;并通过运用一种全新的虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW编程分析处理现场所采集的监测数据,确定井下地震事件的时间与空间分布.     

深度及含水率对包气带砂层中柴油降解作用的影响

通过模拟砂柱实验,研究了不同深度及含水率砂层(包括细砂、中砂和粗砂)中的柴油降解特性.结果表明,介质的深度及含水率是影响柴油降解效率的重要因素.相同介质条件下,介质的含水率越大,其生物活性越强,生物作用降解柴油的效率越高.介质性质影响柴油在包气带介质中的降解效率,介质的颗粒越细,其降解柴油的能力越高,即细砂>中砂>粗砂...     

Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of high COD dipterex pesticide by using TiO2/Ni photo electrode

A TiO₂ thin film electrode deposited on porous nickel net (TiO₂/Ni) was prepared by the sol-gel method, and the surface morphology, crystal structure features and the grain size were characterized by Field emission scan electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photoelectrocatalytic system was set up using a UV high-pressure mercury lamp as the light source, TiO₂ coated on foamed nickel as photo anode, Pt sheet as counter electrode and the pesticide dipterex in synthetic wastewater. Various factors that influence the photoelectrocatalytic decomposition of dipterex pesticide have been studied, such as degradation time, the type of electrolyte, current density, original pH value and different degradation methods. The prepared catalysts were employed to photoelectrocatalytically degrade the pesticide dipterex under UV irradiation, comparing the results with photocatalytic degradation and electrochemical oxidation. The results indicated that under the optimal conditions of 0.02 mol/L NaCl as the supporting electrolyte, current density = 2.5 mA/cm², pH 6.0 and dipterex pesticide 40 mg/L, and reaction time 2 hr, dipterex chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate and organophosphorous conversion of up to 82.6% and 83.5% were achieved, respectively. The method of photoelectrocatalytic degradation is more efficient than photocatalysis and electrochemical oxidation. The possible roles of the electrolytes on the reactions and probable mechanisms were also discussed.