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991.
A sampling campaign was conducted monthly to investigate the occurrence of N-nitrosamines at a conventional water treatment plant in one city in North China. The yield of N-nitrosamines in the treated water indicated precursors changed greatly after the source water switching. Average concentrations of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) in the finished water were 6.9, 3.3, and 3.1 ng/L, respectively, from June to October when the Luan River water was used as source water, while those of NDMA, N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), and NPYR in the finished water were 10.1, 4.9, and 4.7 ng/L, respectively, from November to next April when the Yellow River was used. NDMA concentration in the finished water was frequently over the 10 ng/L, i.e., the notification level of California, USA, which indicated a considerable threat to public health. Weak correlations were observed between N-nitrosamine yield and typical water quality parameters except for the dissolved organic nitrogen. 相似文献
992.
基于改进输出系数模型的云南宝象河流域非点源污染负荷估算 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
本文引入降雨、地形因子(α、β)对经典的输出系数模型(ECM)进行改进,基于1999~2010年云南宝象河流域气象、水文、社会经济等数据,利用改进的输出系数模型(IECM)对该地区(位于滇池的东北部,绝大部分在官渡区内,西北部少部分在盘龙区内)的非点源污染负荷进行估算.结果显示,2008年宝象河流域非点源氮、磷污染的所占比例(分别为74.2%和68.0%)要显著高于点源氮、磷污染的所占比例(分别为25.8%和32.0%).氮污染中,不同非点源的贡献率依次为土地利用类型>大气沉降>农村生活>畜禽养殖;磷污染中,不同非点源污染的贡献率为土地利用类型>农村生活>大气沉降>畜禽养殖.宝象河流域的非点源氮污染比例要高于整个滇池流域,非点源磷污染比例与滇池流域较为接近.与实际观测值比较,IECM对TN、TP负荷的估算值的平均相对偏差分别为15%和-6%,ECM对TN、TP负荷的估算值的平均相对偏差分别为54%和17%.这表明改进的输出系数模型(IECM)提高了结果的准确性,可以为滇池流域的污染(尤其是非点源污染)负荷估算提供参考方法. 相似文献
993.
The carbendazim(MBC) hydrolyzing enzyme gene was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) from a newly isolated MBC-degrading bacterium strain Microbacterium sp. strain djl-6F. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS)analysis revealed that purified MheI-6F protein catalyzes direct hydrolysis of MBC into2-aminobenzimidazole(2-AB) with a high turnover rate and moderate affinity(Kmof6.69 μmol/L and kcatof 160.88/min) without the need for any cofactors. The optimal catalytic condition of MheI-6F was identified as 45°C, pH 7.0. The enzymatic activity of MheI-6F was found to be diminished by metal ions, and strongly inhibited by sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS).Through generating amino acid mutations in MheI-6F, Cys16 and Cys222 were identified as the catalytic groups that are essential for the hydrolysis of MBC. This is the first report on the biodegradation of MBC at the enzymatice level. 相似文献
994.
995.
996.
根据江西省环境与经济的发展状况,综合运用熵值法和线性加权法对区域环境与经济发展水平作出评价,并利用协同论和容量耦合概念建立两种数学模型对江西省环境与经济耦合关系进行研究.结果表明:江西省经济实力在不断增强,环境质量先快速下降后略微上升,环境与经济的耦合关系在不断增强,15年内一直处于协调发展水平,且发展水平在不断提高.对比分析两种模型,发现两模型用于评价区域环境与经济耦合关系均具有一定的科学性和合理性,但基于协同论的协调度和协调发展度模型更能反映江西省环境与经济的耦合关系. 相似文献
997.
Changes in soil organic matter composition after afforestation of arable farmland in northeast China
Since the 1970s, a substantial area of arable farmland in a semi-humid area of northeast China has been planted as deciduous forests (Populus tomentosa Carr.). This study investigates the effects of afforestation on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and the chemical composition of the soil. Soil samples (Calcic chernozem) were collected from the upper 10?cm of paired arable land and secondary forests established 5 and 25 years previously. Carbon isotope analysis and pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to determine SOC composition. The results show that (i) compared to the arable land, five years of afforestation caused a decrease in SOC and N concentration, while 25 years of afforestation resulted in an increase in SOC content; (ii) stable isotope δ13C analyses of the forest soils show gradual loss of crop-derived C and an accumulation of forest-derived C; and (iii) afforestation increased lignin abundance and decreased decompositional activity in the 25-year-old forest topsoil. Higher amounts of short-/mid-chain aliphatic compounds were observed in the 5-year-old forest (5–10?cm); and (iv) the arable soil contained substantially higher amounts of decomposed plant material and microbially derived substances. The results obtained suggest that long-term afforestation increases the SOC concentration, and alters the chemical composition of SOC. 相似文献
998.
Phosphate-induced differences in stabilization efficiency for soils contaminated with lead,zinc, and cadmium 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jie Ren Zhuo Zhang Mei Wang Guanlin Guo Ping Du Fasheng Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(2):10
Phosphates can cost-effectively decrease the mobility of Pb in contaminated soils. However, Pb always coexists with other metals in soil, their competitive reactions with phosphates have not been tested. In this study, the abilities of KH2PO4, K2HPO4, and K3PO4 to stabilize Pb, Zn, and Cd in soils contaminated with a single metal or a ternary metal for different phosphorus/metal molar ratios were investigated. Results indicated that the stabilization efficiency of KH2PO4, K2HPO4, and K3PO4 for Pb, Zn, and Cd in single metal contaminated soil (P/M ratio 0.6) was 96.00%–98.74%, 33.76%–47.81%, and 9.50%–55.79%, respectively. Competitive stabilization occurred in the ternary system, Pb exhibited a strong competition, the stabilization efficiency of Zn and Cd reduced by 23.50%–31.64%, and 7.10%–39.26%, respectively. Pyromorphite and amorphous lead phosphate formed with excess KH2PO4 or K2HPO4 addition, while K3PO4 resulted in the formation of a hydroxypyromorphite precipitate. Amorphous Zn and Cd phosphates and hydroxides were the primary products. The immobilization rate of Zn and Cd depends on pH, and increased significantly in response to the excess phosphate application. This approach provides insight into phosphate-induced differences in stabilization efficiency in soils contaminated with multiple metals, which is of theoretical and engineering significance.
相似文献
999.
René Lehmann Jean Bachmann Bilgin Karaoglan Jens Lacker Glenn Lurman Christian Polleichtner Hans Toni Ratte Monika Ratte 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2018,30(1):50
Species reproduction is an important determinant of population dynamics. As such, this is an important parameter in environmental risk assessment. The closure principle computational approach test (CPCAT) was recently proposed as a method to derive a NOEC/LOEC for reproduction count data such as the number of juvenile Daphnia. The Poisson distribution used by CPCAT can be too restrictive as a model of the data-generating process. In practice, the generalized Poisson distribution could be more appropriate, as it allows for inequality of the population mean \(\mu\) and the population variance \(\sigma ^2\). It is of fundamental interest to explore the statistical power of CPCAT and the probability of determining a regulatory relevant effect correctly. Using a simulation, we varied between Poisson distribution (\(\mu =\sigma ^2\)) and generalized Poisson distribution allowing for over-dispersion (\(\mu <\sigma ^2\)) and under-dispersion (\(\mu >\sigma ^2\)). The results indicated that the probability of detecting the LOEC/NOEC correctly was \(\ge 0.8\) provided the effect was at least 20% above or below the mean level of the control group and mean reproduction of the control was at least 50 individuals while over-dispersion was missing. Specifically, under-dispersion increased, whereas over-dispersion reduced the statistical power of the CPCAT. Using the well-known Hampel identifier, we propose a simple and straight forward method to assess whether the data-generating process of real data could be over- or under-dispersed. 相似文献
1000.
分析了水生(鲶鱼)和陆生(家鸽)生物体中卤系阻燃剂(HFRs)的组成和浓度。鲶鱼中短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)浓度均值为30 800 ng·g~(-1)lw(脂肪归一化浓度),是最主要的HFRs,然后依次是多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)(2 300 ng·g~(-1)lw)、四溴双酚A(TBBPA)(37 ng·g~(-1)lw)、六溴环十二烷(HBCD)(21 ng·g~(-1)lw)、德克隆(DP)(14 ng·g~(-1)lw)、十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)(7.1 ng·g~(-1)lw)和六溴苯(HBB)(6.2 ng·g~(-1)lw);而家鸽中PBDEs含量最高(17 000 ng·g~(-1)lw),其次是SCCPs(7 600 ng·g~(-1)lw)DP(1 600 ng·g~(-1)lw)DBDPE(14 ng·g~(-1)lw)HBB、TBBPA和HBCDs(未检出)。鲶鱼和家鸽HFRs组成比较发现,鲶鱼中具有较高百分含量的低溴代PBDE单体和较低的fanti值,而家鸽中具有较高百分含量的高溴代PBDE单体和较高的fanti值。实验结果初步表明,水生生物较多地富集水溶性较大的化合物,陆生生物则较多地富集疏水性较强的化合物。研究认为以上水生和陆生生物体中污染物的差异性富集现象可能与化合物因不同物理化学性质导致的不同环境迁移行为有关。 相似文献