我国危险废物的污染控制现状和对策研究

我国危险废物污染问题相当严重,已经成为我国环境工作者面临的一个重要问题。本文对我国的危险废物污染控制现状进行了分析,并结合国情提出了我国危险废物的控制对策和建议。     

NOAA卫星监测巢湖蓝藻水华的试验分析

采用实地水质采样分析、水面光谱测量等实地监测 ,并结合NOAA气象卫星遥感信息 ,对巢湖水华进行星地同步调查监测。结果表明 ,蓝藻叶绿素的存在使得进入近红外波段水体反射率明显上升 ,基于这一光谱特性以及蓝藻特有的漂浮特性 ,可利用NOAA卫星监测巢湖等内陆大面积的严重污染湖泊蓝藻水华的分布状况。     

应急监测分析方法存在的问题及建议

环境污染事故应急监测工作是处置突发性环境污染事故的前提和保证,而应急监测分析方法则是开展环境污染事故应急监测工作的基础和手段.通过对中国环境应急监测分析方法的现状、使用情况的阐述,同时结合三个实际案例,指出了存在的主要问题;并针对性的提出了建立和完善环境监测分析方法体系、对现有环境监测分析方法进行技术分级、重视应急监测期间的质量保证/质量控制(QA/QC)工作、加强监测人员应急监测技术培训等四点建议.     

微波诱导氧化法处理染料废水工艺技术研究

文章以雅格素蓝BF-BR染料为处理对象,研究在负载亚铁改性活性炭存在条件下利用微波诱导氧化工艺(MIOP)处理染料雅格素蓝BF-BR模拟废水的可行性,考查并优化了处理工艺条件,研究探讨了MIOP反应机理及雅格素蓝BF-BR的脱色反应动力学.     

Atomic force microscopy study on the microtopography of natural organic matter and newly formed hydrous MnO2

To understand the water purification mechanism of potassium permanganate as a coagulation-aid during the preoxidation process, the microtopography of its reductive products, the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide and the aged hydrous manganese dioxide, was investigated. The morphology of natural organic matter (NOM) adsorbed by the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was also compared with that of NOM alone. By using the tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), the observation results show that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide possess a perforated sheet (with a thickness of 0–1.75 nm) as well as some spherical particle structures compared with the hydrous manganese dioxide with 2 h aging time, which demonstrated that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide had a large surface area and adsorption capacity. When 1 mmol/L newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was added, the microtopography of NOM molecules shifted from a loosely dispersed pancake shape (with adsorption height of 5–8.5 nm) to a densely dispersed and uniform spherical structure. These results provide a valid proof that it is the perfect adsorption capability of the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide that might result in the coagulation aid effect of potassium permanganate preoxidation. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(5): 945–949 [译自: 环境科学]     

浅议我国电子垃圾的回收

我国的电子垃圾回收利用基本处于失控状态，缺乏监管。回收处理方式：一是作为普通垃圾被填埋；二是对于尚能使用的废弃电子产品拿到旧货市场贩卖，不能使用的则私自拆解，回收提炼贵金属，丢弃不能利用的产品，对环境产生极大危害。因此，应建立和完善电子垃圾回收处理法规体系，回收利用体系，开发电子废物处理利用的新技术，改变无序发展状态。     

我国湖泊富营养化的现状和治理对策

湖泊富营养化是当今世界面临的最主要水污染问题之一。从我国湖泊的实际现状来看，富营养化程度十分严重。超过半数的湖泊已处于富营养化状态，大大加剧了我国的水环境污染，对其的治理已刻不容缓。本文简要分析了富营养化的形成机理及其影响因素，就目前我国对该问题的处理对策作了介绍，并指出了今后治理的发展方向。     

利用荧光淬灭作用研究川泽泻凝集素微环境与生色基团的空间分布

用不带电荷的极性淬灭剂丙烯酰胺和带电荷的I-离子、Cs 对川泽泻凝集素内源荧光进行淬灭研究,以揭示凝集素与小分子物质相互作用以及凝集素荧光生色基团的分布情况.天然川泽泻(Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn)凝集素在280nm和295nm波长下均显示λmax为328nm的荧光发射光谱,表明凝集素荧光生色基团位于相对疏水的环境中.中性淬灭剂丙烯酰胺对凝集素分子的荧光生色基团Tyr和Trp残基的可接近程度为96.81%,而对阴离子淬灭剂I-离子和阳离子淬灭剂Cs 离子的可接近程度分别为37.17%和21.96%.表明川泽泻凝集素荧光氨基酸残基主要位于分子内部的疏水核心.图3参22     

制定恶臭物质排放标准的原则和方法

本文叙述了制定恶臭物质排放标准的技术原则、计算方法和公式.同时以天津为例,介绍了对恶臭排放标准计算公式中的主要参数选取及确定系数的方法经验.     

Reproduction and growth of Holothuria atra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) at two contrasting sites in southern Taiwan

Reproductive periods and growth of two populations of Holothuria atra Jaeger distinctly different in body size at two sites of southern Taiwan were determined. Individuals examined in the present study were collected between march 1990 and February 1992. At Nanwan (21° 57N, 120° 45E), large individuals (351 to 1400 g wet wt) spawned from June to September. At Wanlitung (22°N, 120° 42E), a small proportion of frequently dividing individuals (<190 g wet wt) have mature gonads in May, June and September, but histological examination revealed no sign of spawning. Sexual recruits, defined as small individuals <5 g wet wt without sign of regeneration, were not found at either site during this 2-yr study. After the peak of fission at Wanlitung, 40% of the population showed signs of external regeneration. At Nanwan, small individuals transferred from Wanlitung grew from 6 g (n=6) to 166±8 g within 8 mo, and from 48±4 g (n=50) to 324±16 g within 1 yr, with a 6.8-fold biomass increase in 1 yr. At Wanlitung, the monthly average body weight of H. atra is between 33 and 62 g, apparently due to frequent fission, and the biomass increased only 2.9-fold in 1 yr. In southern Taiwan, sexual reproduction of H. atra occurs in large individuals. Asexual reproduction, occurring in small individuals, is the chief mechanism for population maintenance and increase, but it may decrease sexual reproductive potential.