An inexact multi-objective dynamic model and its application in China for the management of municipal solid waste

With the development of science and technology, solid waste management has become a serious environmental problem for most communities all over the world. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model for the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) via an uncertainty approach. In this model, the system cost of solid waste management and the environmental impact are considered as the main objectives, and some necessary constraints based on the characteristics of China are included; additionally, Pollution loss theory is applied to evaluate the environmental impact.This model is applied to the City of Fo Shan, China. Compared with the primary project of Fo Shan, which is provided by the government, the results of the optimization procedure show that the overall system cost could be reduced by $1–2.4/ton, i.e., $3.7 million/yr. The model presented in this paper was proven to be an effective response to the multi-objective solid waste management problem, and provides a new technique to optimize MSW management and operation. Why is the optimization result better? By analyzing the modelling with respect to function, constraints, and results, we conclude that the profit would be augmented due to the amount of the waste that would be treated by recycling technology, which would increase rapidly during the planning time; thus, the total system cost could be reduced accordingly.     

安徽省产业结构与经济增长关系实证研究

产业结构与经济增长存在内在联系,产业结构的适时调整是经济持续增长的永恒主题。利用计量经济学方法,建立了安徽产业结构与经济增长的格兰杰因果关系模型及产业结构对经济增长的贡献模型,揭示了安徽产业结构演变历程及其与经济增长的相互关系。     

Photocatalytic degradation of lignin using Pt/TiO2 as the catalyst

Photocatalytic degradation of lignin was studied with the use of catalysts TiO(2) and Pt/TiO(2). The influence of several experimental parameters, i.e. pH, catalyst dosage and illumination on lignin degradation was investigated. The results showed that application of UV irradiation alone has almost no effect on the reduction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and American Dye Manufacture Institute value (ADMI). However, the addition of TiO(2) and Pt/TiO(2) reduced the original DOC (251 mg l(-1)) by more than 40% within 30 min of treatment and the reaction can be simulated with pseudo-first order kinetics. Rapid degradation of lignin was observed in acidic solution using either TiO(2) or Pt/TiO(2) as the catalyst compared to high pH cases. The content of Pt in the Pt/TiO(2) catalyst is 1%. In addition, too much catalyst addition has not increased the DOC and ADMI reduction proportionally. The investigation also indicated that the photocatalytic degradation rates could be enhanced 1-6 times faster after doping TiO(2) with Pt in different pH cases. A modified Nernst type model was adopted to simulate the decoloring process using TiO(2) and Pt/TiO(2) based on the profiles of oxidation reduction potential during the photocatalytic reaction. The developed equation can be used to predict the color removal efficiency of lignin wastewater by the photocatalytic process.     

沉淀——吸附法处理果胶工艺废水

利用果胶废水中的Al（Ⅲ）和石灰乳沉淀,并用炉渣、活性碳脱色的方法,处理盐板法提取果胶的工艺废水。通过正效实验,研究了最佳工艺条件。该工艺处理后的废水,Al（Ⅲ）去除率96.8％,CODCr去除率为92.7％,SO4^2－去除率为61.5％,且废渣产出量少。     

双侧破裂模型对地震动空间相关性影响的远场分析

根据震源理论,将由双侧破裂模型计算得到的场地Fourier谱,等价表述为从初始破裂点沿两个相反方向破裂的单侧破裂模型独立计算到的相同场地Fourier谱,以相对长度为权重的线性组合。据此,在远场假定下,得到了双侧破裂模型刻画地震动场分布的两个重要复变参数α1和α2,以及由它们确定场的孔径的解析表达式。最后,以一次地震为例,计算了α1和α2的实部和虚部,以及孔径随震中距、方位角和频率变化的三维图像。     

Cadmium and chromium removal kinetics from solution by two aquatic macrophytes

The aim of this work was to determine chromium and cadmium bioaccumulation processes of two free-floating macrophytes commonly used in wetlands for water treatment: Salvinia herzogii and Pistia stratiotes. Metal removal from the solution involves two stages: a fast one and a slow one. The fast stage of the Cd uptake is significantly different for each species, while it is not significantly different in Cr uptake. The most important processes of Cd uptake are biological ones in S. herzogii and adsorption, chelation and ionic exchange are in P. stratiotes. The main processes of Cr uptake in both macrophytes are adsorption, chelation and ion exchange. The slow stage is different for each species and metal. Cr precipitation induced by roots occurs in P. stratiotes. Cr uptake through leaves is probably the main cause of the increase of Cr in the aerial parts of S. herzogii.     

基于深度学习和物联网技术的智慧污水管控系统

在智慧城市建设中,水资源的智慧化管理是其不可或缺的一环,智慧水务对促进城市的长期健康发展意义重大.以青岛市某精细化工厂为例,将人工智能技术与物联网技术相结合并运用于该化工厂智慧污水管控系统中,通过一系列传感器采集动态数据,实现对水质质量的实时监测.该智慧污水管控系统应用深度学习中的长短期记忆(Long Short-Te...     

软锰矿浆烟气脱硫资源化利用新工艺

首次建立了"软锰矿浆烟气脱硫制取电解锰、高纯碳酸锰及硫酸铵的废气脱硫资源化利用"工艺,通过对该工艺的实验研究,确定出较优的工艺流程和工艺条件,制得符合(GB3418-82)的电解锰产品和符合(GB10503-89)的高纯碳酸锰产品并回收硫酸铵,实现了从烟气中回收硫资源和提高软锰矿综合利用附加值的目的,并为该法的工业化提供了理论依据和设计参数。研究结果表明,该工艺路线是可行的,开辟了一条既经济又环保的软锰矿烟气脱硫吸收液资源化利用的新途径。     

乙草胺对小麦生理机能的影响与生物标记物识别

对乙草胺胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛（MDA）以及叶片中叶绿素含量的变化进行了研究.结果表明,乙草胺处理小麦幼苗1 d后,叶片MDA含量显著增加,说明了乙草胺处理诱导有毒活性氧（AOS）生成,但随着处理时间的延长,不同浓度处理与对照的差异逐渐减小.对小麦叶片中POD活性变化的研究表明,在乙草胺胁迫的开始阶段,植物有能力抵抗低浓度乙草胺污染所产生的氧化胁迫,但是,随着暴露时间的延长和污染物浓度的增加,这种抵抗能力将会消失.对小麦SOD活性的研究表明,小麦叶片中POD酶活的上升可能与其它途径而不是SOD诱导产生的H₂O₂有关.小麦叶片中MDA含量和POD活性不能作为土壤乙草胺污染的生物标记物.小麦叶片中SOD酶活性有着作为乙草胺污染土壤生物标记物的潜力,但还需要进一步研究.小麦叶片叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量可以作为乙草胺污染胁迫的生物标记物,并且小麦幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白含量与土壤乙草胺浓度之间具有较好的剂量-效应关系.     

N1923络合萃取丙酸的研究

分别以模拟和实际丙酸发酵废水体系为研究对象,采用络合萃取法回收稀溶液中的丙酸,结果表明,对含2%丙酸的水溶液,以45%(体积比)的N1923为萃取剂,以煤油和正辛醇为稀释剂进行萃取,在油水相比1∶4的情况下,单级萃取率可达97%.对实际发酵废水中丙酸的萃取,在二级错流萃取的情况下,也能达到同样的分离效果.有机溶剂循环使用实验表明,经过10次重复利用后其萃取能力基本不变.