饱和砂土循环液化模式影响因素试验研究∗

通过室内试验探讨了振动频率、骨架相对密实度、填料含量及成分对砂土循环液化强度及液化模式的影响。 针对相对密实度分别为 35%、50% 和 80% 的砂骨架中添加 0%、5%、8%、10%、15% 和 20% 等不同质量的填料(粉土、粉质黏土)进行了循环扭剪试验,循环加载频率为 0.1、1 Hz。结果表明：砂土循环液化模式与振动频率密切相关,振动频率较高时,呈现显著的软化特征和流滑现象,振动频率较低时,呈现剪胀和循环活动性;循环液化模式与骨架相对密实度密切相关,填料含量及填料成分对动强度具有较显著的影响,但填料含量在一定范围内并不影响循环液化模式,填料成分对循环液化模式产生一定影响。     

鄱阳湖流域农业生态环境变迁及其启示

鄱阳湖流域农业生态环境变迁史可以概括为:远古至秦汉时期,是生态环境由荒凉向开化发展的阶段;隋唐五代时期,是生态环境平衡发展阶段;宋元时期,是生态环境开始失衡阶段;明清时期,是生态环境逐渐破坏恶化的阶段;近代以来,生态环境呈现进一步恶化的趋势;建国以来生态环境经历了一个恶化——治理——改善的过程。在此,我们可以得出历史的经验教训:农业开发必须适应复杂的自然生态环境条件,只有全面地把握自然生态环境的总体,才能使自然资源和自然条件充分地持续地发挥作用,经济社会才能保持可持续发展。相反,如果不顾自然生态环境的复杂性,掠夺性开发资源,就必然会受到自然界的惩罚。     

乌鲁木齐市煤炭消费的CO2排放时空分析

通过计算乌鲁木齐市2001-2009年煤炭燃烧CO2排放量,对CO2排放现状及主要城区重点工业污染源企业煤炭消费的CO2排放进行时空分析。结果表明:(1)2001年以来,乌市煤炭在能源消费总量中所占的比重变化不大,占较高比例。(2)煤炭燃烧的CO2排放量逐年增加,年均增长率为10.84%;主要城区CO2的分布变化明显,天山区和头屯河区一直是CO2排放量高值区,乌鲁木齐县最低。结合乌市CO2排放现状及面临问题,提出减排对策,从而为健全乌市温室气体减排机制提供有力支撑。     

淮安市水处理污泥处置现状及对策

通过调查淮安市城市水处理污泥处置利用现状,对城市污泥处理存在问题进行分析,并借鉴发达国家和地区的污泥处理经验,提出相应的对策.     

风浪扰动中太湖OA对水体磷循环影响的原位实验研究

在一次风速12 m.s-1的强风浪过程中,对太湖梅梁湾一浅水区水体有机聚集体（organic aggregates,OA）丰度、颗粒态有机质含量、碳、氮和磷含量等基本理化性质的变化情况进行了连续的原位监测和分析,同时分析了基本的水质指标.结果表明,风浪过程会对水体OA的理化性质及水体的磷循环产生极大的影响：在风浪过程中...     

Forest Management in Northeast China: History,Problems, and Challenges

Studies of the history and current status of forest resources in Northeast China have become important in discussions of sustainable forest management in the region. Prior to 1998, excessive logging and neglected cultivation led to a series of problems that left exploitable forest reserves in the region almost exhausted. A substantial decrease in the area of natural forests was accompanied by severe disruption of stand structure and serious degradation of overall forest quality and function. In 1998, China shifted the primary focus of forest management in the country from wood production to ecological sustainability, adopting ecological restoration and protection as key foci of management. In the process, China launched the Natural Forest Conversion Program and implemented a new system of Classification-based Forest Management. Since then, timber harvesting levels in Northeast China have decreased, and forest area and stocking levels have slowly increased. At present, the large area of low quality secondary forest lands, along with high levels of timber production, present researchers and government agencies in China with major challenges in deciding on management models and strategies that will best protect, restore and manage so large an area of secondary forest lands. This paper synthesizes information from a number of sources on forest area, stand characteristics and stocking levels, and forest policy changes in Northeastern China. Following a brief historical overview of forest harvesting and ecological research in Northeast China, the paper discusses the current state of forest resources and related problems in forest management in the region, concluding with key challenges in need of attention in order to meet the demands for multi-purpose forest sustainability and management in the future.     

Non-carcinogenic risks induced by metals in drinking source water of Jiangsu Province, China

In this study, we investigated the levels of eight metallic elements in source water of 40 tap water treatment plants (TWTPs) located along Yangtze River, Taihu Lake and Huaihe River in the section of Jiangsu Province, China during 2007?C2009 and assessed the non-carcinogenic risks induced by the metals. Among the metals, Fe had the highest concentration (121.5 ??g L^???1) and Pb contributed most (32.4%) to the average hazard index (HI) of 40 TWTPs, followed by Cd (24.7%) and Cr (21.6%). The average concentration of each metal was below the permissible limit of China and USA except for Pb. Both hazard quotients of individual metals and HI of total non-carcinogenic risk in each TWTP were lower than 1.0, suggesting that these pollutants posed negligible hazards to public health of local residents. Temporal and spatial comparisons showed that high HIs occurred more frequently in low water seasons, and the three TWTPs located along Huaihe River (Dongtai, Jinhu and Yishuichang) had relatively higher HIs.     

提高中国环境影响评价公众参与制度有效性研究

在对中国现阶段环境影响评价工作中公众参与所发挥的作用以及现状进行总结的基础上,分析了中国公众参与取得的成绩,同时讨论了现阶段中国公众参与在环境影响评价中存在的普遍问题,主要集中在如何提高公众参与的有效性方面。通过对中国公众参与环境影响评价进行分析,找出了其中存在的问题,如公众参与信息公开不够,公众的意见不被重视等。最后,根据中国环境影响评价中公众参与存在的问题,提出了针对性的对策和建议。     

国际环境法对我国环境保护的启示

介绍了国际环境法的内涵、基本原则和发展过程,报告了我国环境保护法律体系立法趋于逐渐完善但滞后性明显的现状,从立法和执法的角度分析了我国现阶段环境保护法存在执行不利的问题,建议以推进国际环境法的实施和完善为契机,制定明细的配套法规,强化执法力度;加强各行政机关间的交流与合作,统筹应对复杂的环保形势;发达地区扶持不发达地区发展环保事业,推进我国环保事业的进步。     

Strategic Thinking for Sustainable Development of Mining-Based Cities in China

Abstract

Cities based on mining are distinctive from other cities in China. Their heavy dependence on minerals, a relatively undiversified industrial structure, seriously damaged ecological environment and the rather low degree of openness have all reduced their competitiveness, and severely constrained and hindered their sustainable development. In this paper the authors will study mining-based cities from the perspective of sustainable development, first by having a critical review of their features, and then by researching into strategic options to support their sustainable development.