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141.
采集并测定了香港重点监测河流河口及近海处的表层沉积物、孔隙水样品的理化特征及生物毒性;对比了沉积物与孔隙水、孔隙水与上覆水、经过不同处理的孔隙水以及加入重金属前后沉积物与孔隙水的毒性,并进行了浸提实验及其毒性测定,研究结果表明,当重金属的含量很低时,沉积物孔隙水中硫化物和非离子氨可能是引起孔隙毒性的最主要因素;在SEM/AVS小于1的情况下,沉积物的毒性与SEM/AVS的值无关,其毒性取决于沉积物中AVS及其他有机物的含量;浸提实验由于破坏了沉积物中的硫化物可能无法反映真实毒性。 相似文献
142.
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144.
Nini Pang Jian Gao Fei Che Tong M Su Liu Yan Yang Pusheng Zhao Jie Yuan Jiayuan Liu Zhongjun Xu Fahe Chai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(9):201-209
To investigate the cause of fine particulate matter (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm, PM2.5) pollution in the heating season in the North China Plain (specifically Beijing, Tianjin, and Langfang), water-soluble ions and carbonaceous components in PM2.5 were simultaneously measured by online instruments with 1-hr resolution, from November 15, 2016 to March 15, 2017. The results showed extreme severity of PM2.5 pollution on a regional scale. Secondary inorganic ions (SNA, i.e., NO3?+SO42+ NH4+) dominated the water-soluble ions, accounting for 30%-40% of PM2.5, while the total carbon (TC, i.e., OC + EC) contributed to 26.5%-30.1% of PM2.5 in the three cities. SNA were mainly responsible for the increasing PM2.5 pollution compared with organic matter (OM). NO3? was the most abundant species among water-soluble ions, but SO42- played a much more important role in driving the elevated PM2.5 concentrations. The relative humidity (RH) and its precursor SO2 were the key factors affecting the formation of sulfate. Homogeneous reactions dominated the formation of nitrate which was mainly limited by HNO3 in ammonia-rich conditions. Secondary formation and regional transport from the heavily polluted region promoted the growth of PM2.5 concentrations in the formation stage of PM2.5 pollution in Beijing and Langfang. Regional transport or local emissions, along with secondary formation, made great contributions to the PM2.5 pollution in the evolution stage of PM2.5 pollution in Beijing and Langfang. The favourable meteorological conditions and regional transport from a relatively clean region both favored the diffusion of pollutants in all three cities. 相似文献
145.
电厂输煤系统配置静电和布袋除尘设备的比较分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章分析了电厂输煤系统产生粉尘污染的原因及其特性,提出了选择配置除尘器的基本原则,是在保证“两头不冒尘”的前提下,做到“室内外达标”。对输煤系统常用的布袋、静电两种除尘配置方式以及设备布置方式进行了比较分析,建议应综合比较系统的初投资、运行费用以及运行率,即系统寿命期成本来选择除尘设备,着重考虑选择长期运行维护工作量低和运行费用低的设备。建议优先采用尘源就地控制以及“干式除尘一于尘回收”的方式,列举了2×300MW机组输煤系统配套布袋除尘器和电除尘器技术参数与经济指标比较表,得出采用静电除尘方式的综合性价比优于布袋除尘方式的结论。 相似文献
146.
Effect of the addition of organic carbon sources on nitrous oxide emission in anaerobic-aerobic (low dissolved oxygen) sequencing batch reactors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hongjing LI Xiurong CHEN Yinguang CHEN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2010,4(4):490-499
The effect of additional organic carbon sources on the production of nitrous oxide (N2O) in anaerobic-aerobic (low dissolved oxygen) real wastewater treatment system was investigated. In this paper, three laboratory-scale
sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) (SBR-1, SBR-2 and SBR-3) were operating under an anaerobic-aerobic (low dissolved oxygen,
0.15–0.45 mg·L−1) configuration. The SBRs were ‘long-term cultured’ respectively with a single municipal wastewater sample, sodium acetate,
and a waste-activated sludge alkaline fermentation liquid as the additional carbon sources of real wastewater. Off-gas analysis
showed that N2O was emitted into the atmosphere during the aerobic (low dissolved oxygen) period in the three SBRs, and the order of N2O emission rate was SBR-2>SBR-1>SBR-3. It was observed that the higher poly-β-hydroxyvalerate fraction of polyhydroxyalkanoates,
the lower glycogen transformation and less nitrite accumulation was in SBR-3, while the opposite behavior was observed in
SBR-2. Further research indicated that the interaction of the factors above potentially affected the N2O emission in the anaerobic-aerobic (low dissolved oxygen) system. 相似文献
147.
Distribution of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) in polluted rivers of the Juru
River Basin, Penang, Malaysia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Salman A. Al-Shami Che Salmah Md Rawi Abu HassanAhm Siti Azizah Mohd Nor 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(11):1718-1727
The influence of physical and chemical parameters on the abundance and diversity of chironomids was studied in six rivers with
moderate to highly polluted water in the Juru River Basin. The rivers: Ceruk Tok Kun (CTKR) as reference site, and polluted rivers
of Pasir (PR), Juru (JR), Permatang Rawa (PRR), Ara (AR) and Kilang Ubi (KUR) were sampled over a period of five months
(November 2007–March 2008). Nine chirnomid species: Chironimus kiiensis, C. javanus, Polypedilum trigonus, Microchironomus sp.,
Dicrotendipes sp., Tanytarsus formosanus, Clinotanypus sp., Tanypus punctipennis and Fittkauimyia sp. were identified. Assessment
of their relationships with several environmental parameters was performed using the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA).
Tanytarsus formosanus was the most dominant in the relatively clean CTKR and moderately polluted JR with mean densities of
19.66 and 25.32 m?2, respectively while C. kiiensis was abundant in more polluted rivers. Tanytarsus formosanus, Dicrotendipes sp.
and Microchironomus sp. were grouped under moderate to high water temperature, total organic matter (TOM), total suspended solids
(TSS), velocity, pH, phosphates and sulphates. However, Tanypus punctipennis, Fittkauimyia sp., and Clinotanypus sp. were associated
with high contents of river sediment such as TOM, Zn and Mn and water ammonium-N and nitrate-N and they were associated with
higher dissolved oxygen (DO) content in the water. Chironomus kiiensis, C. javanus and P. trigonus showed positive relationships with
TOM, ammonium-N and nitrate-N as well as trace metals of Zn, Cu and Mn. These three species could be considered as tolerant species
since they have the ability to survive in extreme environmental conditions with low DO and high concentrations of pollutants. Based on
the water parameter scores in all rivers, the highest diversity of chironomid larvae was reported in CTKR. With higher concentrations
of organic and/or inorganic pollutants as reported in PPR, KUR and AR, the chironomid larval diversity decreased, and the abundance
of tolerant species, mainly Chironomus spp., increased. 相似文献
148.
Yongpeng Lü Kai YANG Yue CHE Zhaoyi SHANG Jun TAI Yun JIAN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(4):575-587
Sustainable waste management in the industrial ecology perspective brings enormous challenges to the existing methodology of waste analysis at the industrial park (IP) scale. In this study, a four-step method was proposed for industrial solid waste (ISW) flow analysis of eco-industrial parks (EIPs) and applied to two IPs in eastern China. According to a park-wide census of 619 industrial enterprises and 105 questionnaires by a survey from 2006 to 2008, the results indicated that: 1) at the enterprise scale, more than 60% of enterprises were small-ISW-generation enterprises which encountered great difficulties on effective waste management; 2) at the IP scale, though the two IPs have set up their own environmental management systems and passed the ISO 14001 certification, the efficiencies of the ISW management systems have yet to be improved in the industrial ecology perspective; and 3) at the regional scale, more than 97% of ISW flowed within the provincial region, indicating that the provincial governments prevented the wastes from flowing into their own “back yard”. Effective waste management should be placed in a broader perspective. Approaches to sustainable waste management may include wastes exchange, efficient waste and information flow, virtual EIP, waste minimization clubs and regionalization of waste management. 相似文献
149.
Hongjing Li Mengli Hao Jingxian Liu Chen Chen Zhengqiu Fan Xiangrong Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(2):224-230
In this paper, the effect of pH on biological degradation of Microcystis aeruginosa by alga-lysing bacteria in laboratory-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs) was investigated. After 10 d filming with waste activated sludge, the biological film could be formed, and the bioreactors in which laid polyolefin resin filler were used to treat algal culture. By comparing the removal efficiency of chlorophyll a at different aerobic time, the optimum time was determined as 5 h. Under pH 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5 conditions, the removal rates of Microcystis aeruginosa were respectively 75.9%, 83.6%, and 78.3% (in term of chlorophyll a), and that of Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODMn) were 30.6%, 35.8%, and 33.5%. While the removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + - N) were all 100%. It was observed that the sequence of the removal efficiencies of algae, NH 4 + - N and organic matter were pH 7.5>pH 8.5>pH 6.5. The results showed that the dominant alga-lysing bacteria in the SBBRs was strain HM-01, which was identified as Bacillus sp. by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis, and comparison with sequences in the GenBank nucleotide database. The algicidal activated substance which HM-01 strain excreted could withstand high temperature and pressure, also had better hydrophily and stronger polarity. 相似文献
150.
The effects of the five herbicides propanil, quinclorac, molinate/propanil, 2,4-D amine, and bensulfuron on Odonata diversity and abundance at the experimental rice plots was investigated. A total of 13 Odonata morphospecies belonging to two families have been identified. Treated plots exhibited higher species richness (up to 12 species) than the control plot (8 species). Ishnura spp. was the most abundant species in the treated plots with a mean density of 194.2 individuals per m2, (ind m?2) followed by Brachythemis contaminata (152 ind m?2) and Agriocnemis spp. (124 ind m?2). In the control plots, Agrocnemis spp. was the dominant species (153 ind m?2) followed by Ishnura spp. (143 ind m?2) and Neurothemis fluctuans (59 ind m?2). In the propanil-treated plot, the highest number of odonate species (10 species) was recorded followed by the plots treated with quinclorax and molinate/propanil (9 species). On the 2,4-D amine or bensulfuron-treated plots as well as the control plot, only eight odonate species were recorded. This study revealed that herbicide application had a positive effect on Odonata diversity. This seems reasonable as Odonata are non-target organisms for herbicides. Furthermore, the decomposed weeds resulting from herbicide application would enrich the water with necessary organic matter. 相似文献