炼化废水中COD与BOD_5相关性的探讨

为了及时掌握炼化废水的BOD5值，因此对COD与BOD5之间的相关性进行了探讨试验；COD与BOD5的测定采用国家标准方法，连续20d，用最小二乘法计算COD与BOD5的相关关系式；通过相关式由COD值可求出当天相应的BOD5值，为及时调整污水处理设施提供依据。     

Respiratory Suspended Particulate (RSP) Concentration and its Implications to Roadside Workers: A Case Study of Hong Kong

The adsorption behaviour of Diphenylamine (DPAM), napthylamine ( NAM), napthylamine ( NAM)and aniline on pyrolusite and activated carbon has been studied.Pyrolusite shows remarkable sorption capacity for DPAM and NAM as compared to aniline; (the adsorption followed theorder:Activated Carbon: DPAM = NAM > AnilinePyrolusite: DPAM: NAM > NAM> Aniline)The maximum adsorption of NAM occurred in theconcentration range 4–20 g mL^-1 on pyrolusite (95%)and 4–50 g mL^-1 on activated carbon (100%). Theeffect of various doses of activated carbon on the adsorption of NAM confirm Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms where asFreundlich isotherm is obeyed by pyrolusite. The adsorption of NAM on both the absorbents is not affected in presence ofDPAM over a wide range of their initial concentrations (20–60g mL^-1). The desorption studies of NAM onpyrolusite was carried out by batch as well as column processes.Excellent results were obtained when a mixture of n-hexane andisopropanol (91:1) was used as eluent.     

Arsenate biotransformation by Microcystis aeruginosa under different nitrogen and phosphorus levels

The arsenate(As(V)) biotransformation by Microcystis aeruginosa in a medium with different concentrations of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) has been studied under laboratory conditions. When 15 μg/L As(V) was added, N and P in the medium showed effective regulation on arsenic(As) metabolism in M. aeruginosa, resulting in significant differences in the algal growth among different N and P treatments. Under 0.2 mg/L P treatment, increases in N concentration(4–20 mg/L) significantly stimulated the cell growth and therefore indirectly enhanced the production of dimethylarsinic acid(DMA), the main As metabolite, accounting for 71%–79% of the total As in the medium. Meanwhile, 10–20 mg/L N treatments accelerated the ability of As metabolization by M. aeruginosa, leading to higher contents of DMA per cell.However, As(V) uptake by M. aeruginosa was significantly impeded by 0.5–1.0 mg/L P treatment,resulting in smaller rates of As transformation in M. aeruginosa as well as lower contents of As metabolites in the medium. Our data demonstrated that As(V) transformation by M. aeruginosa was significantly accelerated by increasing N levels, while it was inhibited by increasing P levels. Overall, both P and N play key roles in As(V) biotransformation processes.     

Distribution, risk and bioavailability of metals in sediments of Lake Yamdrok Basin on the Tibetan Plateau, China

Total contents of metals in soil and sediments on the Tibetan Plateau of China have been widely analyzed, but existing information is insufficient to effectively evaluate metal ecological risk because of a lack of metal bioavailability data. In this study, distribution, potential risk, mobility and bioavailability of metals in sediments of Lake Yamdrok Basin in Tibet of China were explored by combined use of total digestion, sequential extraction and the diffusive gradient in thin-films (DGT). Average concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in surface sediments were 31.25, 30.31, 22.00, 45.04, 31.32, 0.13 and 13.39 mg/kg, respectively. Higher levels of metals were found near the inflowing rivers. Residual form was dominant in Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb, and reducible form was dominant in As and Cd. Metals in surface sediments showed a low enrichment degree overall, but Cd and As had higher ecological risk levels than the other metals. Furthermore, there was a larger average proportion of exchangeable form of As (20.4%) and Cd (9.0%) than the other metals (1.7%-3.3%), implying their higher mobility and release risk. Average DGT-labile concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb were 0.5, 4.5, 0.7, 25.1, 60.0, 0.22 and 1.0 µg/L, respectively. The DGT-labile As was significantly correlated with extractable As forms (p< 0.01), suggesting that extractable As in sediments acts as a “mobile pool” for bioavailable As. These results suggest potential risks of As and Cd, especially As, deserve further attention in Lake Yamdrok Basin.     

防喷作业机的研制与应用

为解决油田修井作业落地油污染问题,研制出一种在不压井的前提下进行作业的防喷作业机。防喷作业机由液压修井机和液压防喷器两部分组成,通过液压导轨结合为一体。生产实践证明：防喷作业机既解决了修井作业时落地油污染问题,又解决了由于放喷导致油层压力下降从而影响产量的难题。同时还取得了较好的经济效益。     

从认识论的角度分析我国地震预报的历史、现状、未来

中国是世界上地震活动强烈的国家之一,全球三分之一的大陆地震发生在中国,全国每个省、自治区、直辖市历史上都发生过5级以上破坏性地震,除浙江和贵州外,其他省、自治区、直辖市都发生过6级以上强烈地震,有40％左右的国土,60％的50万以上人口的城市位于Ⅶ度和Ⅶ度以上的地震高烈度区。我国的地震具有分布广、强度大、频度高和震源浅     

间伐对马尾松人工林林下植物多样性的短期和长期影响

探讨不同间伐强度林下马尾松人工林植物多样性的动态变化,为确定合理的间伐强度提供理论依据。以南京溧水林场马尾松俨砌USmassonianaLamb．）中龄人工林为研究对象,于2007年和2011年对间伐1a和5a后各间伐林下植物多样性进行了调查和分析。结果表明：间伐la和5a后,与对照相比,中强度间伐林下植物种类、数量、丰富度Margalef指数、多样性Simpson、Sharmon-Weiner指数和均匀度JSW指数均显著提高（P〈O．05）,林下植物的生态优势度指数显著降低（P〈O．05）;弱度间伐林下各指数在间伐1a后显著降低（P〈O．05）,而在间伐5a后显著提高（P〈O．05o中强度间伐后林分各指数增幅最大,其中Shannon．Wiener指数对间伐措施更为敏感。间伐5a后,中强度间伐林下植物种类、数量和多样性指数比间伐1a后有所提高,弱度、中度、强度间伐后的林下植物种类比对照分别增加15、17和15种,总密度分别增加1．40、3．44和2．14倍。从短期和长期影响效果来看,中、强度间伐有利于植物多样性的提高。     

菹草生理特性对底质物理性质变化的响应

沉水植物的恢复是水生态修复的关键,但在光照、溶解氧以及水力条件等满足的情况下,不同性质的底质会影响沉水植物的生长。以菹草（Potrmogeton crispus）为研究对象,通过向过适宜营养条件下的底泥中添加原底泥30%、70%、100%体积量的沙,以改变底质的物理性质,在30 d内测定菹草的过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、植物叶绿素、植物干物率、植物根系活力的变化情况。结果表明,几种处理试验组中,掺加原底泥体积70%沙组的CAT活性响应得较慢,在第20天时才达最大;全底泥和掺加原底泥体积30%沙的2个试验组10 d后POD活性持续上升,而掺加原底泥体积70%和100%组对POD的响应则几乎停止;各试验组植物叶绿素整体呈现下降趋势,但掺加原底泥体积100%沙组中植物叶绿素最高。植物干物率在20 d后都呈现下降的趋势。研究表明,若只通过加沙改变河道底质性质,则加原底泥体积70%～100%的沙对菹草的生长相对最有利。     

Activities of 210Po and 210Pb in the water column at Kuala Selangor, Malaysia

Natural radionuclides, such as (210)Po and (210)Pb were measured in the water samples collected from six stations at Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. Results for (210)Po and (210)Pb in dissolved and particulate phases have showed the difference in distribution and chemical behavior. The fluctuation activities of (210)Po and (210)Pb depend on wave action, geology and degree of fresh water input occurring at study areas and probably due to different sampling dates. The distribution coefficient, K(d), values of (210)Po and (210)Pb ranged from 2.0 x 10(3)lg(-1) to 265.15 x 10(5)lg(-1), and from 3.0 x 10(3)lg(-1) to 558.16 x 10(5)lg(-1), respectively. High K(d) values of (210)Po and (210)Pb indicated that a strong adsorption of (210)Po and (210)Pb onto suspended particles, and the sinking of both nuclides on the seabed at study locations were controlled by the characteristics of suspended particles.     

Oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury in a high voltage discharge reactor

Effects of the voltage waveform, discharge tooth wheel number and CO2/NO/SO2 concentration in the simulated flue gas on Hg0 oxidation were investigated using a link tooth wheel-cylinder reactor energized by di erent high voltage power supplies. Negative DC discharge induced more ozone production and a higher Hg0 oxidation e ciency than positive DC discharge and 12 kHz AC discharge. The discharge tooth wheel number had almost no e ect on the maximum Hg0 oxidation e ciency. The allowable supplied voltage decreased with the increase of discharge tooth wheel number. CO2 could stabilize the discharge process and increase the maximum voltage for a stable discharge. It has also been found that NO consumed O3 induced by high voltage discharge, thereby decreased Hg0 oxidation e ciency; while SO2 had a slight promoting e ect on Hg0 oxidation.