Groundwater arsenic removal by coagulation using ferric(Ⅲ)sulfate and polyferric sulfate: A comparative and mechanistic study

Elevated arsenic(As) in groundwater poses a great threat to human health. Coagulation using mono- and poly-Fe salts is becoming one of the most cost-effective processes for groundwater As removal. However, a limitation comes from insufficient understanding of the As removal mechanism from groundwater matrices in the coagulation process, which is critical for groundwater treatment and residual solid disposal. Here, we overcame this hurdle by utilizing microscopic techniques to explore molecular As surface complexes on the freshly formed Fe flocs and compared ferric(III) sulfate(FS) and polyferric sulfate(PFS)performance, and finally provided a practical solution in As-geogenic areas. FS and PFS exhibited a similar As removal efficiency in coagulation and coagulation/filtration in a two-bucket system using 5 mg/L Ca(ClO)_2. By using the two-bucket system combining coagulation and sand filtration, 500 L of As-safe water( 10 μg/L) was achieved during five treatment cycles by washing the sand layer after each cycle. Fe k-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure(XANES) and As k-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS) analysis of the solid residue indicated that As formed a bidentate binuclear complex on ferrihydrite, with no observation of scorodite or poorly-crystalline ferric arsenate. Such a stable surface complex is beneficial for As immobilization in the solid residue, as confirmed by the achievement of much lower leachate As(0.9 μg/L–0.487 mg/L)than the US EPA regulatory limit(5 mg/L). Finally, PFS is superior to FS because of its lower dose, much lower solid residue, and lower cost for As-safe drinking water.     

Groundwater arsenic removal by coagulation using ferric(III) sulfate and polyferric sulfate: A comparative and mechanistic study

Elevated arsenic (As) in groundwater poses a great threat to human health. Coagulation using mono-and poly-Fe salts is becoming one of the most cost-effective processes for groundwater As removal. However, a limitation comes from insufficient understanding of the As removal mechanism from groundwater matrices in the coagulation process, which is critical for groundwater treatment and residual solid disposal. Here, we overcame this hurdle by utilizing microscopic techniques to explore molecular As surface complexes on the freshly formed Fe flocs and compared ferric(III) sulfate (FS) and polyferric sulfate (PFS) performance, and finally provided a practical solution in As-geogenic areas. FS and PFS exhibited a similar As removal efficiency in coagulation and coagulation/filtration in a two-bucket system using 5 mg/L Ca(ClO)₂. By using the two-bucket system combining coagulation and sand filtration, 500 L of As-safe water (<10 μg/L) was achieved during five treatment cycles by washing the sand layer after each cycle. Fe k-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and As k-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis of the solid residue indicated that As formed a bidentate binuclear complex on ferrihydrite, with no observation of scorodite or poorly-crystalline ferric arsenate. Such a stable surface complex is beneficial for As immobilization in the solid residue, as confirmed by the achievement of much lower leachate As (0.9 μg/L-0.487 mg/L) than the US EPA regulatory limit (5 mg/L). Finally, PFS is superior to FS because of its lower dose, much lower solid residue, and lower cost for As-safe drinking water.     

淄川区环境噪声监测与评价研究

噪声污染自20世纪70年代以来被称为城市环境问题的四大公害之一,是21世纪环境污染控制的主要对象。文章对中国城市环境噪声污染研究状况进行了深入研究,提出了淄川区环境噪声的研究目的和主要内容,并从城市环境噪声功能区的角度出发,对淄川区区域环境噪声进行监测与评价,分析了淄川区环境噪声污染的原因、现状及特征,对噪声水平进行评价,并提出相应降噪措施,以期为改善淄川声环境提供科学依据。文章建议在以后的环境噪声监测工作中,在全面布设测点并长期噪声监测的基础上,开展噪声环境影响预测与评价,这对经济和城市规模都在快速发展的淄川区而言,都更具有意义。     

进口废物管理目录调整原则和方法及对策建议研究

简要介绍了我国固体废物进口情况,以及进口废物管理目录在进口固体废物管理方面的重要作用。详细阐述了进口废物管理目录动态调整的发展过程,分析了现行进口废物管理目录中存在的问题,提出了进口废物管理目录动态调整的原则、方法和对策建议,为今后我国动态调整进口废物管理目录提供参考。     

Heavy Metal Contents and Magnetic Properties of Playground Dust in Hong Kong

This study examined the levels of seven heavy metals (namelyzinc, copper, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese and iron) andtheir associations with magnetic properties in playground dustof Hong Kong. Results showed that the playground dust containedhigh concentrations of Zn (mean = 1883 g g^-1), Cu(mean = 143 g g^-1) and Cr (mean = 263 g g^-1).Qualitative examination of dust samples under microscope indicated local traffic as one of the important pollutant sources. Magnetic measurements indicated that these anthropogenicpollutants mainly consisted of coarse-grained multidomain (MD) ferrimagnetic minerals. Superparamagnetic (SP), stable single domain (SSD) ferrimagnetic grains and non-ferrimagnetic mineralswere present in relatively small amounts. Significant correlations between heavy metals and various magnetic parametersindicated a strong affinity of heavy metals to magnetic minerals hence pointed out the potential of magnetic properties for simpleand rapid proxy indications of heavy metal pollution in playground dust.     

含铁物质对燃煤污染特性的影响

利用DTA-TG-DTG设备实验研究了FeCl₃、FeCl₂和Fe₂O₃等含铁物质对燃煤污染特性的影响.结果表明:实验所用的几种含铁化合物均能够改变燃煤污染物的排放规律,但不同种类的含铁物质对燃煤污染特性影响机理不同,所取得的污染物减排效果也不同.在煤燃烧以及煤中S与N向SO₂及NO转化的过程中,FeCl₃既起到催化剂的作用,同时又起吸收剂的作用.FeCl₃催化作用表现在降低了SO₂和NO生成反应的表观活化能,使SO₂和NO能够在较低温度时迅速形成,加快了SO₂和NO生成反应的速率.FeCl₃的催化效果与S在煤中的存在形态有关.FeCl₃的吸收作用表现在FeCl₃本身能够参与SO₂的吸收反应生成FeSO₄或Fe₂(SO₄)₃.此外,FeCl₃还能够改变CO的排放特性,即能够改变煤的燃烧特性.FeCl₂对烟气中SO₂、NO和CO排放特性的影响与FeCl₃相似,但影响效果比FeCl₂₃略差.Fe₂O₃也能够降低烟气中SO₂和NO的体积分数,但Fe₂O₄只是吸收剂,对SO₂和NO的生成过程没有催化作用.Fe₂O₃对CO排放特性的影响不大.     

Carbon emissions from the peat fire problem—a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Peat fires in tropical peatland release a substantial amount of carbon into the environment and cause significant harm to peatlands and the ecology,...     

Residential Preferences for River Network Improvement: An Exploration of Choice Experiments in Zhujiajiao,Shanghai, China

River networks have both ecological and social benefits for urban development. However, river networks have suffered extensive destruction as a result of urbanization and industrialization, especially in China. River restoration is a growth business but suffers poor efficiency due to a lack of social understanding. Assessing the benefits of river system restoration and recognizing public preferences are critical for effective river ecosystem restoration and sustainable river management. This study used a choice experiment with a multinomial logit model and a random parameter logit model to assess respondents’ cognitive preferences regarding attributes of river networks, and their possible sources of heterogeneity. Results showed that riverfront condition was the attribute most preferred by respondents, while stream morphology was the least preferred. Results also illustrated that the current status of each of three river network attributes was not desirable, and respondents would prefer a river network with a “branch pattern,” that is “limpid with no odor,” and “accessible with vegetation.” Estimated willingness to pay was mainly affected by household monthly income, residential location, and whether respondents had household members engaged in a water protection career. The assessment results can provide guidance and a reference for managers, sponsors, and researchers.     

电厂输煤系统电除尘设备防燃防爆设计及处理措施的探讨

文章针对电厂输煤系统的除尘选择配置电除尘器时出现的燃爆事故,尝试从设备和系统的防燃爆设计原理进行分析,提出设备和系统的设计原则和运行中的防燃防爆措施。     

Fenton试剂催化氧化法处理离子交换树脂再生废水

针对离子交换树脂再生废水中的难降解有机物利用Fenton试剂进行催化氧化处理。实验结果表明：当反应条件是H2O2与FeSO4·7H2O摩尔比为5：1、H：O2（30％）投加量为0．35mol／L（4次投加）、pH值为3．5、反应时间为2h时,废水的处理效果最佳;并采用正交实验确定了各反应因素对废水的CODcr去除效果的影响水平。