浅淡监测数据的共享与社会效应

结合工作实际对如何有效利用监测数据进行了探讨 ,并引申出监测数据的 4种效应 ,即信息效应、价值效应、广告效应和政治效应。     

催化光度法测定鸡蛋中的碘

研究了在 80～ 1 0 0℃条件下制备样品 ,利用催化光度法间接测得鸡蛋中碘的含量。在 0～ 0 .0 2 1 mg/ L内符合比耳定律 ,摩尔吸光系数达 2 .0 3× 1 0 5L.mol- 1 .cm- 1。可用于其它食品中微量碘的测定。     

关于推行清洁生产有关问题的探讨

阐述了清洁生产是可持续局长战略思想的具体体现,是实现可持续发展战略的必由之路。并提出了推行清洁生产的一些建议和设想。     

水污染侵权中因果关系的认定

水污染侵权中的因果关系成立与否决定着民事责任的有无,对受害人的利益影响甚巨,关于因果关系的理论纷繁复杂,水污染侵权中的因果关系认定难度更大,试图在分析各种学说的基础上找到认定水污染侵权中因果关系的可行方法。     

艺术教学中专才培养的启示

艺术教育中专才的发掘与培养具有重要的价值和意义。专才的发掘与培养是社会发展刻不容缓的问题,但是目前大学校方和教师还没有专门系统的发掘、引导、培养有专业特长学生的措施和机制。需要从教育体制和学校教师教育方法两个方面来完善专才教育的培养体系。     

催化铁应用于草甘膦废水处理工艺改造的可行性研究

针对某化工厂草甘膦废水经厌氧-好氧生物处理后出水总磷浓度高,无法达到该化工区污水纳管标准的情况,应用催化铁方法对该废水现有处理工艺进行改造以提高出水水质。考察了催化铁方法对原处理工艺不同处理工段出水中磷的去除效果,发现该法可有效地去除生物厌氧池出水的总磷及正磷盐,去除率分别达到52．7％和83．13％以上,且使废水的BOD5／COD值显著提高,可从0．08提高至0．31,增强了废水的可生物降解性,有利于后续好氧生物处理的进行。研究表明在原处理工艺的厌氧池后增加催化铁处理段能明显提高最终出水水质。     

Development of Customized Fire Behavior Fuel Models for Boreal Forests of Northeastern China

Knowledge of forest fuels and their potential fire behavior across a landscape is essential in fire management. Four customized fire behavior fuel models that differed significantly in fuels characteristics and environmental conditions were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis based on fuels data collected across a boreal forest landscape in northeastern China. Fuel model I represented the dense and heavily branched Pinus pumila shrubland which has significant fine live woody fuels. These forests occur mainly at higher mountain elevations. Fuel model II is applicable to forests dominated by Betula platyphylla and Populus davidiana occurring in native forests on hill slopes or at low mountain elevations. This fuel model was differentiated from other fuel models by higher herbaceous cover and lower fine live woody loading. The primary coniferous forests dominated by Larix gmelini and Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica were classified as fuel model III and fuel model IV. Those fuel models differed from one another in average cover and height of understory shrub and herbaceous layers as well as in aspect. The potential fire behavior for each fuel model was simulated with the BehavePlus5.0 fire behavior prediction system. The simulation results indicated that the Pinus pumila shrubland fuels had the most severe fire behavior for the 97th percentile weather condition, and had the least severe fire behavior under 90th percentile weather condition. Fuel model II presented the least severe fire potential across weather conditions. Fuel model IV resulted in greater fire severity than Fuel model III across the two weather scenarios that were examined.     

Relationships between net primary productivity and stand age for several forest types and their influence on China's carbon balance

Affected by natural and anthropogenic disturbances such as forest fires, insect-induced mortality and harvesting, forest stand age plays an important role in determining the distribution of carbon pools and fluxes in a variety of forest ecosystems. An improved understanding of the relationship between net primary productivity (NPP) and stand age (i.e., age-related increase and decline in forest productivity) is essential for the simulation and prediction of the global carbon cycle at annual, decadal, centurial, or even longer temporal scales. In this paper, we developed functions describing the relationship between national mean NPP and stand age using stand age information derived from forest inventory data and NPP simulated by the BEPS (Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator) model in 2001. Due to differences in ecobiophysical characteristics of different forest types, NPP-age equations were developed for five typical forest ecosystems in China (deciduous needleleaf forest (DNF), evergreen needleleaf forest in tropic and subtropical zones (ENF-S), deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF), evergreen broadleaf forest (EBF), and mixed broadleaf forest (MBF)). For DNF, ENF-S, EBF, and MBF, changes in NPP with age were well fitted with a common non-linear function, with R(2) values equal to 0.90, 0.75, 0.66, and 0.67, respectively. In contrast, a second order polynomial was best suitable for simulating the change of NPP for DBF, with an R(2) value of 0.79. The timing and magnitude of the maximum NPP varied with forest types. DNF, EBF, and MBF reached the peak NPP at the age of 54, 40, and 32 years, respectively, while the NPP of ENF-S maximizes at the age of 13 years. The highest NPP of DBF appeared at 122 years. NPP was generally lower in older stands with the exception of DBF, and this particular finding runs counter to the paradigm of age-related decline in forest growth. Evaluation based on measurements of NPP and stand age at the plot-level demonstrates the reliability and applicability of the fitted NPP-age relationships. These relationships were used to replace the normalized NPP-age relationship used in the original InTEC (Integrated Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon) model, to improve the accuracy of estimated carbon balance for China's forest ecosystems. With the revised NPP-age relationship, the InTEC model simulated a larger carbon source from 1950-1980 and a larger carbon sink from 1985-2001 for China's forests than the original InTEC model did because of the modification to the age-related carbon dynamics in forests. This finding confirms the importance of considering the dynamics of NPP related to forest age in estimating regional and global terrestrial carbon budgets.     

Estimating the volatilization of ammonia from synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers used in China

Although it has long been recognized that significant amounts of nitrogen, typically in the form of ammonia (NH(3)) applied as fertilizer, are lost to the atmosphere, accurate estimates are lacking for many locations. In this study, a detailed, bottom-up method for estimating NH(3) emissions from synthetic fertilizers in China was used. The total amount emitted in 2005 in China was estimated to be 3.55 Tg NH(3)-N, with an uncertainty of ± 50%. This estimate was considerably lower than previously published values. Emissions from urea and ammonium bicarbonate accounted for 64.3% and 26.5%, respectively, of the 2005 total. The NH(3) emission inventory incorporated 2448 county-level data points, categorized on a monthly basis, and was developed with more accurate activity levels and emission factors than had been used in previous assessments. There was considerable variability in the emissions within a province. The NH(3) emissions generally peaked in the spring and summer, accounting for 30.1% and 48.8%, respectively, of total emissions in 2005. The peaks correlated with crop planting and fertilization schedules. The NH(3) regional distribution pattern showed strong correspondence with planting techniques and local arable land areas. The regions with the highest atmospheric losses are located in eastern China, especially the North China Plain and the Taihu region.     

秦皇岛城市旅游广告的形象定位设计与发展趋势研究

以搜集、整合和分析国内外有关城市旅游广告理论研究资料为基础,从视觉形象设计入手,分析秦皇岛城市旅游广告形象设计问题现状和特点,提出秦皇岛在实施"旅游立市"发展战略中城市旅游广告的形象定位设计的传播策略。