Characterization of metal adsorption kinetic properties in batch and fixed-bed reactors

Copper adsorption kinetic properties in batch and fixed-bed reactors were studied in this paper. The isothermal adsorption experiments showed that the copper adsorption capacity of a granular activated carbon (Filtrasorb 200) increased when ionic strength was higher. The presence of EDTA diminished the adsorption. An intraparticle diffusion model and a fixed-bed model were successfully used to describe the batch kinetic and fixed-bed operation behaviors. The kinetics became faster when the solution pH was not controlled, implying that the surface precipitation caused some metal uptake. The external mass transfer coefficient, the diffusivity and the dispersion coefficient were obtained from the modeling. It was found that both external mass transfer and dispersion coefficients increased when the flow rate was higher. Finally effects of kinetic parameters on simulation of fixed-bed operation were conducted.     

Sorption of polar and nonpolar organic contaminants by oil-contaminated soil

Sorption of nonpolar (phenanthrene and butylate) and polar (atrazine and diuron) organic chemicals to oil-contaminated soil was examined to investigate oil effects on sorption of organic chemicals and to derive oil–water distribution coefficients (K_oil). The resulting oil-contaminated soil–water distribution coefficients (K_d) for phenanthrene demonstrated sorption-enhancing effects at both lower and higher oil concentrations (C_oil) but sorption-reducing (competitive) effects at intermediate C_oil (approximately 1 g kg⁻¹). Rationalization of the different dominant effects was attempted in terms of the relative aliphatic carbon content which determines the accessibility of the aromatic cores to phenanthrene. Little or no competitive effect occurred for butylate because its sorption was dominated by partitioning. For atrazine and diuron, the changes in K_d at C_oil above approximately 1 g kg⁻¹ were negligible, indicating that the presently investigated oil has little or no effect on the two tested compounds even though the polarity of the oil is much less than soil organic matter (SOM). Therefore, specific interactions with the active groups (aromatic and polar domains) are dominantly responsible for the sorption of polar sorbates, and thus their sorption is controlled by available sorption sites. This study showed that the oil has the potential to be a dominant sorptive phase for nonpolar pollutants when compared to SOM, but hardly so for polar compounds. The results may aid in a better understanding of the role of the aliphatic and aromatic domains in sorption of nonpolar and polar organic pollutants.     

Distribution and bioavailability of ceria nanoparticles in an aquatic ecosystem model

Along with the increasing utilization of engineered nanoparticles, there is a growing concern for the potential environmental and health effects of exposure to these newly designed materials. Understanding the behavior of nanoparticles in the environment is a basic need. The present study aims to investigate the distribution and fate of ceria nanoparticles in an aquatic system model which consists of sediments, water, hornworts, fish and snails, using a radiotracer technique. Concentrations of ceria in the samples at regular time intervals were measured. Ceria nanoparticles were readily removed from the water column and partitioned between different organisms. Both snail and fish have fast absorption and clearance abilities. Hornwort has the highest bioaccumulation factors. At the end of the experiment, sediments accumulated most of the nanoparticles with a recovery of 75.7 ± 27.3% of total ceria nanoparticles, suggesting that sediments are major sinks of ceria nanoparticles.     

钢铁企业节水评价指标体系的构建

针对中国钢铁行业尚未建立节水评价指标体系的现状,在广泛查阅资料的基础上,遵循科学合理性、目标导向性、实用性和可比性的原则,构建了钢铁企业节水评价指标体系。指标体系的建立使钢铁企业的节水成效具有横向和纵向可比性,有利于调动企业的节水积极性,促进节水技术的发展和推广,为钢铁企业开展节水工作指明目标和方向。     

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in riverine and marine sediments of the Laizhou Bay area, North China

PCN congeners were analyzed in marine and riverine sediments of the Laizhou Bay area, North China. Concentrations of PCNs ranged from 0.12 to 5.1 ng g⁻¹ dry weight (dw) with a mean value of 1.1 ng g⁻¹ dw. The levels of PCNs varied largely, with industrial group approximately ten folds higher than those of the rural in riverine sediment. A strong impact by direct discharge from local factories was suggested. Similar compositional profiles were found within groups. High resemblance of compositional profiles between industrial samples and Halowax 1014 was observed. It was indicated that PCNs in riverine sediments were mainly from release of industrial usage, with additional contributions from industrial thermal process at certain sites. In marine sediments, it was suggested that PCNs along the coast of Laizhou Bay were mainly controlled by riverine input. While in the central bay, PCN distributions were possibly impacted by combined multiple factors.     

浅议保险对企业安全监督管理之作用

通过开展适合于保险和安全监管工作的风险评估体系的研究,充分发挥保险于安全监管的作用,从而为降低职工、企业乃至全社会的风险水平,为经济的可持续发展和社会稳定提供必要的保证。     

煤化工废水生化处理系统活性污泥膨胀控制及菌群迁移

针对煤化工废水生化处理系统存在的活性污泥丝状菌膨胀问题,根据微生物营养学原理,利用活性污泥调理剂对污泥膨胀进行控制和修复,并对修复前后的活性污泥细菌菌群进行高通量测序,研究了菌群的迁移变化途径。研究结果表明,修复后的煤化工废水生化处理系统中活性污泥的SVI值明显下降,维持在85 mL·g-1左右,系统对废水中有机污染物的降解能力有所提升,COD去除率由原来的93%左右提高到96%以上。细菌菌群种类、数量和丰度都有明显改善。     

微生物发酵产物中溶藻物质的提取方法

微生物溶藻是藻类水华控制的研究热点,但目前仍缺乏去除微生物发酵产物中营养物质的方法学研究,对野外水体采集的微囊藻的溶藻活性研究也较少见。比较了不同极性溶剂对溶藻物质的固液萃取效率,研究了分子筛层析对溶藻物质的纯化效果,并测定了各提纯步骤的中间产物对野外水体采集的铜绿微囊藻的溶藻效果。结果表明,在溶藻活性基本保持稳定的前提下,固液萃取串联分子筛层析技术对TOC、TN和TP的总去除率平均高达97%,其中,固液萃取的分级去除率平均高达90%,而分子筛层析的分级去除率平均为70%,且分子筛层析后的产物对野外水体采集的铜绿微囊藻的去除率稳定在60%左右。结果说明,固液萃取与分子筛层析技术可以作为溶藻物质工业化提取与实验室纯化的重要方法。     

硫化锰纳米颗粒高效去除重金属镉

中国镉污染问题日益严峻,开发高效的镉吸附剂,是解决环境镉污染问题的重要技术手段。采用共沉淀方法合成了硫化锰纳米颗粒,研究了其对重金属镉的吸附行为,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HR-TEM)、比表面积(BET)等技术手段探究了硫化锰纳米颗粒的形貌、化学组分以及镉的去除机制。结果表明,MnS纳米颗粒呈球状,平均粒径100 nm,比表面积30.56 m²·g⁻¹。MnS纳米颗粒对Cd²⁺的吸附动力学数据较好地符合伪二级动力学模型;吸附等温线数据较好地符合Langmuir模型,说明MnS对Cd²⁺的吸附是以化学吸附为主的单分子层吸附。使用Langmuir拟合的MnS饱和最大镉吸附量为349.6 mg·g⁻¹,在众多镉吸附材料中处于前列。对于模拟工厂重金属废水的处理,MnS纳米颗粒可以在5 h内使镉的浓度由60 mg·L⁻¹降至国家规定排放线以下(<0.1 mg·L⁻¹),且吸附过程中水体pH稳定,对水体干扰小。在多种重金属离子共存的情况下,仍可以达到接近100%的Cd²⁺去除率。硫化锰相对稳定,在空气中放置30 d仍有80%的镉去除率。较高的离子交换量形成CdS沉淀是MnS高效去除镉的主要原因。