Roles of manganese oxides in degradation of phenol under UV-Vis irradiation: Adsorption, oxidation, and photocatalysis

The effect of crystal structure on photocatalytic activities of manganese oxides and underlying reaction mechanism were investigated.     

Wastewater reclamation and reuse in China: Opportunities and challenges

The growing water stress both in terms of water scarcity and quality deterioration promotes the development of reclaimed water as a new water resource use. This paper reviewed wastewater reuse practices in China, and the opportunities and challenges of expanding reclaimed water use were analyzed. Rapid urbanization with the increasing of water demand and wastewater discharge provides an opportunity for wastewater reuse. The vast amount of wastewater discharge and low reclaimed water production mean that wastewater reuse still has a great potential in China. Many environmental and economic benefits and successful reclamation technologies also provide opportunities for wastewater reuse. In addition, the overall strategy in China is also encouraging for wastewater reuse. In the beginning stage of wastewater reclamation and reuse, there are many significant challenges to expand wastewater reuse in China including slow pace in adopting urban wastewater reuse programs, the establishment of integrated water resources management framework and guidelines for wastewater reuse programs, incoherent water quality requirements, the limited commercial development of reclaimed water and the strengthening of public awareness and cooperation among stakeholders.     

粉煤流化床燃烧(PC-FBC)中SO2的生成特性

粉煤流化床(PC-FB)是一项燃烧效率高,同时实现炉内脱硫、低NOx和N2O排放的新型高效、清洁煤燃烧技术.在一座0.3Mw的试验台上,系统研究了其SO2生成与分布特性.主要包括:PC-FBC的SO2生成特性以及床层温度Tb、流化速度u0、二次风率R2、二次风投入位置、二次风喷射角度、喷口尺寸对SO2生成与分布的影响.试验燃用煤种含硫1.71%.在Tb=820～920℃,u0=1.2～3.3m/s,R2=30%～70%的条件下,流化床燃烧区(FBCZ)出口SO2浓度及炉膛出口SO2浓度SO″2分别为520～600ml/m3和1280～1300ml/m3.     

外生菌根对欧洲赤松苗(Pinussylvestris)Cu、Zn积累和分配的影响

通过测定２种不同施锌和施铜水平下苗木和离体菌丝中铜锌含量研究了接种外生菌根（Ｓｕｉｌｌｕｓｂｏｖｉｎｕｓ）对欧洲赤松（Ｐｉ－ｎｕｓｓｙｌｖｅｓｔｒｉｓ）苗生长和微量元素积累和分配的影响． 结果表明菌丝的侵染增加了苗木生长同时也增加了植物体内重金属的含量．然而菌根植物中的重金属大部分分布在根部在铜处理中菌根植物地下部分的铜含量是无菌根植物的２．６倍在锌处理中锌是无菌根植物的１．３ 倍． 说明菌丝侵染使植物将过量的重金属滞留在根部从而增加了植物对过量重金属的抗性．通过进一步测定培养在过量重金属中的离体菌丝的重金属含量结果显示随着外界重金属浓度的增加菌丝分泌物内重金属含量比菌丝内重金属含量增加快说明滞留在根部的重金属可能并没有进入根系而是以某种形态滞留在菌丝分泌物和菌丝内．     

压裂废液处理技术研究进展

综述了当前油气井作业中压裂废液处理的一些主要技术:氧化法、混凝法、Fe/C微电解法、多种处理技术联合使用等,从六个方面探讨了当前处理方法中存在的主要问题,指出了压裂废液处理技术的一个重要研究方向是优化压裂废液处理工艺,开发稳定可靠,高效价廉且无二次污染的压裂废液处理剂。     

灭多威农药废水处理技术

采用酸化、氧化、铁炭微电解、兼氧-好氧生化技术处理灭多威农药生产废水（简称废水）。实验结果表明：废水经酸化处理后可回收H2S和CH3SH,经氧化处理后可去除废水的恶臭气味,经铁炭微电解处理后COD总去除率平均为90．7％,废水可生化性指标BOD5／COD从0升至0．30以上;预处理后的废水再经过兼氧＋好氧生化处理,COD达到GB8978-1996（污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准100mg/L以下。     

膜生物反应器及其组合工艺在有机废水处理中的应用

膜生物反应器是一种膜与生物反应器相结合的废水处理新工艺。介绍了膜生物反应器的种类，特性及其组合工艺。综述了国内外用于有机物废水处理过程中的研究进展及应用现状，并对其发展前景作出了展望。     

地下水原位修复渗透性反应墙反应介质的改良与展望

渗透性反应墙(PRBs)是倍受关注的地下水原位修复技术之一,具有高效廉价、安装简便、维护简单等优点。详细总结了零价铁、活性炭、无机矿物材料和生物质材料等PRBs反应介质的结构、性能、适用范围、改良方法及增强吸附机制,介绍了PRBs技术在国内外地下水原位修复领域的工程应用实例,指出研发可再生型反应介质、深入研究复杂体系的污染物去除主导机制以及开展多介质混合、多种原位修复技术集成应用研究将是今后PRBs的主要研究方向。     

活性碳纤维改性技术研究进展

介绍了活性碳纤维(ACF)的孔结构及表面官能团,综述了国内外ACF改性技术的研究现状.ACF的改性主要包括孔结构调控和表面化学改性,表面化学改性包括氧化还原法、表面负载法、浸渍法、热处理法、远程等离子体处理法、微波辐照法等,也可将多种方法结合来对ACF进行改性,以改善和提高ACF的吸附性能.在总结现有研究的基础上,对ACF改性技术发展趋势进行了展望.     

Characterization and control of odorous gases at a landfill site: a case study in Hangzhou, China

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the major sources of offensive odors potentially creating annoyance in adjacent communities. At the end of May 2007, an odor pollution incident occurred at the Tianziling landfill site, Hangzhou, China, where the residents lodged complaints about the intense odor from the landfill, which drew a significant attention from the government. In this study, ambient air monitoring was conducted at the Tianziling landfill site. The main odor composition of the gas samples collected on June 1st 2007 and the reduction of various odorous gases from the samples collected on June 1st 2009 due to the applied odor control techniques were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, variations of primary odorous gaseous (NH₃ and H₂S) concentrations at different locations in the landfill site from July 2007 to June 2009 were also investigated by using classical spectrophotometric methods. Results showed that a total of 68 volatile compounds were identified among which H₂S (56.58-579.84 μg/m³) and NH₃ (520-4460 μg/m³) were the notable odor components contributing to 4.47-10.92% and 83.91-93.94% of total concentrations, respectively. Similar spatial and temporal shifts of H₂S and NH₃ concentrations were observed and were significantly affected by environmental factors including temperature, air pressure and wind direction. Odor pollution was worse when high temperature, high humidity, low air pressure, and southeast, northeast or east wind appeared. Moreover, the environmental sampling points of the dumping area and the leachate treatment plant were found to be the main odor sources at the Tianziling landfill site. The odor control technologies used in this project had a good mitigating effect on the primary odorous compounds. This study provides long-term valuable information concerning the characteristics and control of odors at landfill sites in a long run.