外循环厌氧处理工艺中布水和三相分离的改进研究

污水处理中的布水设备和三相分离设备存在很多缺点,通过旋流配水装置和传统配水装置、小间距斜板三相分离装置和传统三相分离装置的比较试验,研究了旋流配水装置和小间距斜板三相分离装置的性能.研究结果表明:在相同膨胀率的条件下,旋流配水装置所需的回流量小,能耗相对较少;在水力上升流速为8 m/h时,采用旋流配水装置进水时,污泥分布曲线较平缓,污泥在高度上分布较均匀,而采用传统配水装置进水时,污泥主要分布在反应器底部,污泥浓度分布不均匀;在上升流速相同的情况下,采用小间距三相分离装置的反应器出水携带的颗粒污泥浓度较小;在相同的进水COD浓度时,小间距三相分离装置分离的沼气量较多.改进的布水和三相分离装置的性能明显优于传统的布水和三相分离装置.     

Cultural and individual differences in self‐rating behavior: an extension and refinement of the cultural relativity hypothesis

This study examined the relationships between culture, individual attributes, and self‐rating behavior among 1,786 university students in Canada, Hong Kong, Taiwan, mainland China, and Japan, and in doing so extended and refined the cultural relativity hypothesis. It explored the difference between vertical and horizontal individualists in self‐rating behavior, and examined the mediating effects of two individual attributes, self‐enhancement propensity and general self‐efficacy in the relationship between individualism and self‐rating behavior. The results confirmed that individualism is the cultural driver for self‐rating leniency, and that the individual‐level assessment of individualism is a stronger predictor of self‐rating leniency than are culture‐level differences. Vertical individualism was found to be positively related to self‐enhancement propensity, which in turn was positively related to self‐rating. Whereas, horizontal individualism was positively related to general self‐efficacy, which in turn had a positive relationship with self‐rating. We discuss the implications of the results for academic research and practical management. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

各地招退工过程中的行政控制立法比较

用人单位在招退工过程中,作为劳动保障部门的行政控制权究竟处于什么样的水平才是合适的,这一直是各地司法实践中所关注的问题.由于我国《劳动法》对这一问题没有作出明确规定,使得我国地方立法有了较大的空间.     

Positive affectivity neutralizes transformational leadership's influence on creative performance and organizational citizenship behaviors

This study uses an interactionist approach to examine the moderating effect of follower trait positive affectivity (trait PA) on the relation between transformational leadership and both follower creative performance and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). On the basis of responses from 212 employees and their direct supervisors from the research and development department of a company in Mainland China, results support the hypothesized moderation effect. Specifically, the positive influence of transformational leadership on creative performance was significantly reduced for followers who were higher on trait PA (ΔR² = .02, p < .05). The same pattern, in which followers' trait PA appeared to substitute for the influence of transformational leadership, generalized to the outcome of follower OCB as well (ΔR² = .04, p < .01). We discussed theoretical and practical implications of these findings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Effect of Protective Gloves on Manual Dexterity in the Cold Environments

This article presents a study on the effect of different protective gloves (which are commercially available and commonly used in the cold) on manual dexterity in cold environments. The experiments compared statistically four different types of gloves and two different types of gloving (outer or double) at +19 °C and -10 °C. Performance was determined both objectively and subjectively using two manual dexterity tasks: bolt-nut and pick-up tasks. The response measured was the time of performing each task. Statistical analysis showed that all independent factors such as glove type, participant, object size, and temperature had significant effects on the hand cooling reaction. A significant difference in the performance between the gloves was found in the bolt-nut task. It was also found that outer-inner combination gloving may be an approach to use for precision tasks.     

Effects of ladder parameters on asymmetric patterns of force exertion during below-knee amputees climbing ladders

Different from walking, ladder climbing requires four-limb coordination and more energy exertion for below-knee amputees (BKAs). We hypothesized that functional deficiency of a disabled limb shall be compensated by the other three intact limbs, showing an asymmetry pattern among limbs. Hand and foot forces of six below-knee amputees and six able-bodied people were collected. Hand, foot and hand/foot sum force variances between groups (non-BKA, intact side and prosthetic side) were carefully examined. Our hypothesis was validated that there is asymmetry between prosthetic and intact side. Results further showed that the ipsilateral hand of the prosthetic leg is stronger than the hand on the intact side, compensating weakness of the prosthetic leg. Effects of ladder rung separations and ladder slant on asymmetric force distribution of BKAs were evaluated, indicating that rung separation has a more significant interactive effect on hand/foot force of BKAs than ladder slant.     

Acoustic detection technology for gas pipeline leakage

Gas leakage from pipeline leads to significant environmental damages and industrial hazards, so small leakage detection for gas pipeline is essential to avoid these serious leakages. However, because of the high frequency component of leakage signal attenuates quickly, traditional detection method which inspects pressure or vibration signal has problem to get effective information from leakage signal. So, a novel detection method based on acoustic wave is proposed. This paper, firstly, researches on the phonation principle of pipeline leakage and the characteristic of sound source, and simulates the leakage acoustic field on the basis of aero acoustics. Secondly, using Wavelet Packet Transform method and Fuzzy Support Vector Machine pattern classification, the laboratory testing for identifying acoustic signal of gas pipeline leakage is presented. Finally, the field application demonstrates that the detection system could identify small gas leakage effectively and avoids false-alarms which caused by running conditions with a good prospect.     

人体装甲测试用模拟破片的应用与发展

模拟破片是人体装甲防弹性能测试评价的主要试验弹体.本文对人体装甲和模拟破片进行了阐释,分析了模拟破片的应用背景,对国内外现状进行了对比分析,对标准模拟破片的确定以及爆炸破片的发展进行了探讨,提出了开展新型模拟破片及其测试技术研究的重要意义.     

易燃易爆场所的静电防护

本文分析了易燃易爆场所的静电危害,提出了从"人、机、环、管"四个方面对易燃易爆场所进行静电防护,介绍了相关的静电防护标准及技术要求,为易燃易爆场所的静电防护提供有益的参考。