餐饮业环保问题及管理对策探讨

针对居民区附近商住楼和居民小区内餐饮业污染问题的投诉呈逐年上升趋势.污染产生的原因,主要是业主环保意识淡薄、污染源处理设施不完善、监测手段和环保部门介入滞后以及处罚缺乏足够的法律依据.纠纷调处时环保部门的管理对策提前介入,杜绝餐饮企业污染环境;对申请开业的餐饮企业控制办法:控制数量、合理选址、使用清洁能源及安装污染源处理设施并办理环保竣工验收手续;对已开业的,在工商年检时执行环保前置年检,逐步淘汰不舍格的企业,尽快完善专门的行业管理条例.     

混装制剂类制药行业污染特征与控制标准研究

对混装制剂类制药工业污染物的产生和排放特征进行了调研,对国内外相关标准进行了比较分析,分析了混装制剂类制药行业污染物排放标准的达标情况。提出了大气污染物排放标准的控制项目和建议。     

Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance of Pb（Ⅱ）-imprinted polymer in nano-TiO2 matrix

Surface ion-imprinted in combination with sol-gel process was applied to synthesis a new Pb(II)-imprinted polymer for selective separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra, X-ray di ractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The batch experiments were conducted to study the optimal adsorption condition of adsorption trace Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer. The equilibrium was achieved in approximately 4.0 h, and the experimental kinetic data were fitted the pseudo second-order model better. The maximum adsorption capacity was 22.7 mg/g, and the Langmuir equation fitted the adsorption isotherm data. The results of selectivity experiment showed that selectively adsorbed rate of Pb(II) on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was higher than all other studied ions. Desorption conditions of the adsorbed Pb(II) from the Pb(II)-imprinted polymer were also studied in batch experiments. The prepared Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was shown to be promising for the separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from water samples. The adsorption and desorption mechanisms were proposed.     

西部管道工程HSE一体化绩效管理应用研究

分析了我国管道工程项目HSE绩效管理存在问题,运用绩效管理理论,结合“PMT（业主）＋PMC（监理）＋EPC（施工总承包方）”一体化模式及西部管道工程,阐述了HSE一体化绩效管理体系的建立及应用情况。     

某市工业区土壤重金属污染及富集植物的研究

为了促进某市工业区土壤重金属污染的治理,对该区土壤和野生的主要四种植物,用原子吸收的方法测定了金属Cr、Cu和Ni的含量。结果表明：土壤中三种金属的X含量是533．14mg／ks,923．252mg／kg,310．928mg／kg。是国家土壤环境质量三级标准的533．1、2．3和1．55倍,说明污染严重;植物体内的金属含量高出正常土壤环境下的含量,经过对植物转移系数和富集系数分析,蒲公英Taraxacum ohwianum Kitam．对三种金属积累和富集最强;其次菊芋Hellanthus tuberofus L．对Cr能力较强;龙葵Solarium nigrum L．对Cu能力较强;小蓟Cirsium segetum Bunge对Ni能力较强。使利用植物积累和富集还原和净化土壤重金属污染成为可能。     

制革废水氨氮处理技术探讨

制革废水的治理技术已相对成熟,但其除氮效果不理想,氨氮去除率普遍较低,大部分企业处理后的氨氮都远远超过排放标准,有效去除废水中的氨氮从技术角度上是一个很大的难题。本文简要介绍了制革废水主要污染物排放情况、废水主要特性;分析了废水中氨氮含量较高的主要成因,氨氮处理方法的选择,生物法脱氮的原理、特点;结合工程实例,对两种典型氨氮生化处理技术一多级A／O（硝化／反硝化）活性污泥法和悬浮生物滤池法的工艺流程及其工艺特点进行了具体介绍,分析了两种方法的氨氮处理效果及其影响因素。     

一体化膜生物反应器处理低C/N污水试验研究

研究一体化连续流间歇曝气膜生物反应器(IMBR)处理低C/N城市污水的工艺效能。试验结果表明:反应器在曝气2 h、搅拌2 h的运行模式下,对COD、NH4+-N、TN和SS的平均去除率分别达到了87%,83.4%,75.4%和97.81%,各出水质量浓度平均值分别为17.5,4.59,7.63和2 mg/L,出水水质达到了GB/T18920-2002《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》标准。     

Reaction mechanism and metal ion transformation in photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid with Ag+/TiO2

Photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid （OA） was conducted with a Ag^＋/TiO2 catalyst and different pathways were found for the degradation of different compounds. Ag^＋ greatly promoted the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants due to its role as an electron scavenger. It also accelerated the removal rate of OA in ozonation and the simultaneous process for its complex reaction with oxalate. Phenol could be degraded both in direct ozonation and photolysis, but the TOC removal rates were much higher in the simultaneous processes due to the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals resulting from synergetic effects. The sequence of photo-illumination and ozone exposure in the combined process showed quite different effects in phenol degradation and TOC removal. The synergetic effects in different combined processes were found to be highly related to the properties of the target pollutants. The color change of the solution and TEM result confirmed that Ag＋ was easily reduced and deposited on the surface of Tit2 under photo-illumination, and dissolved again into solution in the presence of ozone. This simple cycle of enrichment and distribution of Ag^＋ can greatly benefit the design of advanced oxidation processes, in which the sequences of ozone and photo-illumination can be varied according to the needs for catalyst recycling and the different properties of pollutants.     

漫湾大坝上下游沉积物重金属与营养元素分布特征及环境风险评价

研究了漫湾水电站大坝上下游11个采样断面的沉积物中的有机质(OM)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和金属元素Al、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn的含量及空间分布特征,利用地积累指数法、潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物重金属的环境风险进行了评价.结果表明,As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn的平均年含量分别为31.88、0.80、63.26、32.55、607.81、32.11、36.54、132.29 mg·kg-1,与云南省土壤背景值相比,重金属元素均出现一定程度的富集.其中,Cd和As比其他金属元素污染重,处于中-强度污染状态.在大坝上游干流中靠近大坝的断面环境风险最高,支流断面风险水平普遍低于附近的干流断面,大坝下游断面的风险值明显低于大坝上游断面.干流沉积物重金属蓄积明显受大坝建设影响,支流则受其上游区域人类活动和大坝建设的共同影响.营养元素在村庄聚集区和坝前地区含量较高,干流断面含量高于临近的支流断面,表明大坝建设和库区居民生产生活共同影响沉积物营养元素的分布.相关性分析与聚类分析表明,毒性较高的重金属元素Cd、As、Pb可以聚为一类,而且相互间呈显著正相关关系,并与OM呈正相关关系.虽然沉积物的有机污染在大部分地区呈现清洁或较清洁的水平,但是有机质可以吸附Cd和As,对沉积物的重金属污染具有增强效应.     

基于CALPUFF模型的漳州市大气环境容量研究

研究表明：CALPUFF模式是运用于广域的大气扩散模型,在区域范围较大的复杂地形条件下的应用具有突出的优势.利用CALPUFF大气扩散模型模拟漳州市2009年气象场和污染物浓度场,采用监测值对模拟结果进行验证表明模型的适用性;基于现状污染源,建立大气污染物传递系数矩阵,结合线性优化法测算了不同环境空气质量标准下漳州市大气环境容量.