不同因素对多硫化钙处理地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)效果影响

选用多硫化钙为还原剂,进行地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)去除效果的研究。主要考察了多硫化钙投加量、溶液p H、温度、Mn(II)、Fe(III)、腐殖酸(HA)存在条件下,对多硫化钙处理Cr(Ⅵ)效果的影响。结果表明:当多硫化钙与Cr(Ⅵ)的摩尔比由1∶1变到5∶1时,去除率从41.03%增加到100.00%;溶液p H值从6.0增上升到9.0时,去除率下降27.16%;水环境温度由(7±1)℃增加到(27±1)℃时,去除率达到100.00%所需反应时间,缩短了4~6倍;当地下水中含有Mn(II),随着Mn(II)质量浓度升高(0.00~10.00 mg·L-1),Cr(Ⅵ)浓度低于检测线所需要的时间缩短3倍;当地下水中含有Fe(III),Fe(III)质量浓度从0.00 mg·L-1增加到10.00 mg·L-1,去除率增加9.05%;当地下水中含有HA(0.00~15.00 mg·L-1),去除率由99.31%降低至90.28%。(7)多硫化钙与六价铬的反应产物的X射线衍射光谱图像中2θ值为18.2°、19.36°、26.67°与Cr(OH)3,2θ值为23.02°与单质S的标准卡片匹配度较高。另外,对含有11.36 mg·L-1 Cr(Ⅵ)实际污染地下水的处理效果表明,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率达到99.78%,残留浓度达到GB/T 1448—1993地下水质量标准III类标准,说明多硫化钙修复实际铬污染地下水具有良好的应用前景。     

Effects of initial decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on the growth and physiology of Impatiens balsamina北大核心CSCD

A pot experiment was conducted to study the allelopathic effects of initial decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on growth and physiology of Impatiens balsamina. Three leaf litter treatments included 20, 40 and 80 g of C. camphora leaf litter mixed with 8 kg of soil, namely T1, T2, and T3, respectively. In order to test the effect of leaf litter addition on the permeability and ventilation of soil simultaneously, a parallel trial with steamed leaf litter was conducted with the three treatments of the leaf litter. The leaf litter was steamed for 2 d to remove the secondary metabolites as much as possible, dried, and then mixed with 8 kg of soil, namely Z1, Z2, and Z3, respectively. No leaf litter was added in control (CK). The growth parameters of I. balsamina were determined at the 20 d, 60 d, 100 d and 120 d after sowing and the main physiology indicators were determined at the 60 d. The results indicated that: (1) The ground surface diameter and height of I. balsamina were inhibited significantly at 60 d (P < 0.05). Photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange parameters of I. balsamina were inhibited significantly at 60 d, and the inhibition effect was stronger with increased amount of leaf litter addition. The chlorophyll content, Pn and Ls decreased significantly with increased amount of leaf litter (P < 0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves of I. balsamina decreased with the increase of leaf litter addition. The content of MDA in treatments T1, T2 and T3 were all higher than that in CK, which indicated that I. balsamina suffered oxidative damage in a certain degree. The content of free proline (Pro) and soluble sugar (SS) in leaves of I. balsamina decreased significantly with the increase of the leaf litter (P < 0.05), while the content of soluble protein (SP) increased. (2) In the parallel trial, 60 d after sowing, no obvious difference was observed between CK and any steamed leaf litter treatment in terms of the morphological and physiological features stated above (P > 0.05). It indicated that the soil physical properties were not greatly influenced by leaf litter addition in the dose interval designed, or that the release of secondary metabolites from decomposing leaf litter was probably a better reason to explain the inhibition of leaf litter treatment to I. balsamina growth. (3)The compound effect (CE) of leaf litter decomposition on I. balsamina was enhanced with increase of the leaf litter, to 0.169, 0.354, and 0.497, respectively, in treatments of T1, T2 and T3. The study indicated that initial decomposition of C. camphora leaf litter in soil reduces the content of photosynthetic pigments, inhibits photosynthetic capacity and resistance physiology of I. balsamina, weakens its adaptability to the environment, and restrains growth of the plant. © 2015, Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Increasing polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) contamination in sediment cores from the inner Clyde Estuary,UK

The concentrations of 16 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in six short sediment cores from the Clyde Estuary were determined by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. Total PBDE concentrations ranged from 1 to 2,645 μg/kg and the average concentration was 287 μg/kg. BDE-209 was the main congener and varied from 1 to 2,337 μg/kg. Elevated total PBDE concentrations were observed close to the sediment surface in the uppermost 10 cm of four of the six sediment cores. Comparison of the down core PBDE profiles revealed that the increase was driven by the accumulation of deca-BDE. Although the deca-BDE mix was dominant, the presence of lower molecular weight congeners BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-183 and BDE-153 at most sediment intervals suggested additional sources of penta-BDE and octa-BDE pollution. Changing PBDE source input was the major factor in influencing the proportion of nona-brominated congeners, although other explanations such as post burial photo-debromination of BDE-209 cannot be entirely discounted. A clear cascading to lower hepta-, hexa-, and penta-homologues was not found. The increase in total PBDE concentrations and particularly the deca-BDE may possibly be ascribed to the use and subsequent disposal of electrical appliances such as televisions and computers. In the Clyde sediments, the proportion of nona-brominated congeners was higher than that reported for commercial mixtures. This might be due to changing sources of PBDEs or post burial photo-debromination of BDE-209.     

Photo-polymerization of triclosan in aqueous solution induced by ultraviolet radiation

The formation of 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and other harmful degradation products in the photo-degradation process of triclosan is of increasing concern. Here we worked on the identification of polymerized products at high triclosan concentration and on the mechanism of photoreaction. Five dimmers and two trimers of triclosan were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrum analysis. 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was also identified by comparing with an authentic standard. Relatively low pH and high concentration favored the polymerization of triclosan. Three main routes of photoreaction were postulated, namely dechlorination, ring closure and polymerization.     

Preparation and assay of C-glucosyltransferase from roots of Pueraria lobata

C-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.X) is one of the key enzymes for the biosynthesis of puerarin. This paper describes the methodology in purification and assay of the enzyme for the first time in Puerarin lobata (Wild.) Ohwi. C-glucosyltransferase from roots of P. lobata was extracted and partially purified by (NH4)2SO4 saturation. The effects of pH, temperature, and substrate concentration on the activity of the enzyme were investigated. The properties of the puerarin produced by C-glucosyltransferase were studied by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak activity of C-glucosyltransferase was detected in fraction of by 80% saturation of (NH4)2SO4 and the optimal conditions for enzymatic reaction were 35.5 micromol l(-1) of isoliquiritigenin and 560 micromol l(-1) of UDP-G at pH 8.1, 28 degrees C for 1 h. Mn2+ at 1 mmol l(-1) and Al3+ at 1 mmol l(-1) increased the enzyme activity, while Mg2+ inhibited its activity. The enzyme activity in Nicotiana tabacum and P. lobata were detected under the above assay conditions. Higher activity was found in roots than in leaves and stems of P. lobata, while no enzyme activity was detected in leaves of N. tabacum. It was the first time that activity of C-glucosyltransferase, which transforms isoliquiritigenin to puerarin, was detected in P. lobata.     

Bioreduction of nitrate in groundwater using a pilot-scale hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor

A long-term pilot-scale H₂-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was tested for removal of nitrate from actual groundwater. A key feature of this second-generation pilot MBfR is that it employed lower cost polyester hollow fibers and still achieved high loading rate. The steady-state maximum nitrate surface loading at which the effluent nitrate and nitrite concentrations were below the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) was at least 5.9 g·N·(m²·d)^?1, which corresponds to a maximum volumetric loading of at least 7.7 kg·N·(m³·d) ^?1. The steady-state maximum nitrate surface area loading was higher than the highest nitrate surface loading reported in the first-generation MBfRs using composite fibers (2.6 g·N·(m²·d)^?1). This work also evaluated the H₂-utilization efficiency in MBfR. The measured H₂ supply rate was only slightly higher than the stoichiometric H₂-utilization rate. Thus, H₂ utilization was controlled by diffusion and was close to 100% efficiency, as long as biofilm accumulated on the polyester-fiber surface and the fibers had no leaks.     

农药敌敌畏对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

分别以2株铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)--单细胞株PCC7806和群体株XW01为材料,研究了不同质量浓度有机磷农药敌敌畏(DDV)对水华蓝藻微囊藻生长的影响.结果表明,在BG11培养液中,高浓度(≥50 mg·L-1)DDV抑制群体株XW01生长,低浓度(≤10 mg·L-1)DDV则促进XW01生长.单细胞株PCC7806比群体株XW01对DDV的作用更敏感,≥10 mg·L-1DDV即可抑制PCC7806的生长.低浓度DDV的促生长作用并不是DDV增加磷营养所致.在缺磷培养条件下,低浓度(≤50 mg·L-1)DDV对微囊藻具有更明显的促生长作用.DDV对微囊藻胞内和胞外碱性磷酸酶活性均有促进作用. DDV残留一旦进入水体将可能对蓝藻水华的形成产生一定的促进作用.     

水稻锌指蛋白基因OsWIP6的克隆、表达及RNAi载体转化

为了解水稻C2H2型锌指蛋白转录因子基因的表达调控机理及生物学功能,克隆了水稻的一个C2H2型锌指蛋白转录因子基因(OsWIP6),并构建其RNA干涉植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导转化获得转基因植株.生物信息学分析显示,OsWIP6氨基酸序列与拟南芥两个WIP家族转录因子高度同源.组织差异性表达分析表明,该基因在水稻花发育上具有表达偏向性.与野生型相比,转基因水稻表现为抽穗延迟,结实率及千粒重降低,半定量分析显示转基因植株OsWIP6表达量明显下降.因此,推断OsWIP6基因与水稻育性密切相关.     

番茄ARF4基因果实特异RNAi载体的构建及遗传转化

构建ARF4基因果实特异表达的RNA干涉载体,对转基因番茄果实进行初步分析,可为采用基因工程方法改良番茄果实品质做出新尝试.利用RT-PCR技术从番茄果实cDNA中扩增SlARF4基因全长,将番茄ARF4基因正反向重复序列片段导入到植物表达载体pBI121上,启动子是番茄果实特异表达的TFM7.将构建的ARF4基因果实特异RNA干涉载体pBI121-TFM7-A4Ri通过根癌农杆菌介导转入到野生型番茄中,进而对转化获得的植株进行了阳性鉴定.分别以转基因番茄和野生型番茄为材料,分析ARF4在果实中的表达水平,测定绿熟期果实叶绿素含量、果实的单果重量和果皮厚度.酶切证实pBI121-TFM7-A4Ri果实特异表达载体构建成功,而且,PCR检测也得到阳性转基因株.半定量RT-PCR分析显示,转基因番茄果实中ARF4的表达量明显低于野生型果实.转基因番茄果实的叶绿素含量、单果重量和果皮厚度都比野生型有提高.因此,ARF4果实特异表达的RNAi方法能够改良番茄果实品质.     

十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)对刺参幼参的急性毒性

为探究表面活性剂对海洋棘皮动物的影响,测定了十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)对刺参(Stichopus japonicas)幼参的急性毒性。结果显示,SDS对刺参幼参的72h-LC_(50)和96h-LC_(50)分别为15.03和10.89mg·L~(-1)。刺参幼参相对于常见的几种水生生物对SDS的敏感性较高,其生命周期较长,活动能力较弱,生活相对固定于一定的区域,因此,在监测海洋水体SDS污染时,刺参幼参是一种值得关注的生物。