长江经济带工业绿色转型与生态文明建设的办同效应研究

测度长江经济带工业绿色转型效率和生态文明建设质量,把脉二者协同效应,对推进长江经济带绿色协同发展具有实践指导作用.在全国视野下,基于2011～2017年省级数据,采用Super-SBM模型测度长江经济带工业绿色转型效率,运用熵权法-Topsis评价模型测度长江经济带生态文明建设质量,构建耦合协调度模型实证研究长江经济带工业绿色转型与生态文明建设的协同效应.结果 表明:长江经济带工业绿色转型效率低于全国平均水平,上中下游地区呈梯度递增空间格局,省际差异显著;长江经济带生态文明建设质量与全国平均水平基本持平,上中下游地区呈"V"型空间格局,省际差异较小;长江经济带各省份工业绿色转型效率与生态文明建设质量的协同系数普遍较低,且呈加剧趋势,主要原因是生态文明建设滞后于工业绿色转型.建议地方政府提高对工业绿色转型与生态文明建设协同发展的重视程度,着力扭转生态文明建设滞后于工业绿色转型的发展态势.特别要加大国土空间和生态环境治理保护力度,推动长江经济带中上游地区农业和工业生态化发展,普及生态文化,完善生态安全治理体系.     

不同气源压缩气体泡沫灭石油醚火灾性能比较

采用实验室压缩气体泡沫系统,通过缩尺油盘火试验,分别考察基于不同气源的压缩气体泡沫对于石油醚火灾的灭火性能,分析探讨适用于低沸点的石油醚类燃料火灾扑救的气源类型和供气方案。结果表明,在泡沫溶液供给强度为2.5 L/(min·m2)的条件下,压缩氮气泡沫和压缩空气泡沫均可扑灭石油醚火灾,具有良好的抗烧性能;二者相比,压缩氮气泡沫比压缩空气泡沫的控灭火性能和抗烧性能均有一定提升;对于石油醚类的低沸点易燃液体火灾,建议采用以氮气作为气源的压缩氮气泡沫系统;该研究可为压缩气体泡沫系统在石油化工行业工程应用提供技术支撑。     

生物接触氧化法应急处理原水突发性藻类污染

突发性藻类污染常常伴随着藻类的肆意滋生,从而严重影响着水厂的正常运行,更加威胁着居民用水的水质安全。采用弹性填料生物接触氧化工艺处理含藻原水,分析考察了不同水力停留时间、气水比和藻类浓度条件下反应器对藻类去除效果的影响。结果表明,最佳HRT为1.0 h,最佳气水比为1.2:1;采用最佳工艺条件处理叶绿素a(Chl-a)为70 mg/m3的高藻原水时,Chl-a、CODMn和NH4+-N的去除率分别达到65.48%、47.81%和70.54%,且CODMn和NH4+-N的出水浓度能够达到东深供水工程处理目标。说明在该最佳工艺条件下,原水中藻类能够被有效地控制和去除,出水水质稳定,工艺适应性强。     

Oxidation of chlorophenols in soil at natural pH by catalyzed hydrogen peroxide: the effect of soil organic matter.

This investigation reports on the effects of soil organic matter (SOM) during the oxidation of chlorophenols with Fe2+-catalyzed H2O2 (Fenton oxidation) system. The soil pH was 7.1 and was not altered. Sorption experiments of soil pre-treated under various oxidation conditions were performed. Concentrations of organic matter in the liquid phase and soil before and after oxidation were analyzed. The results were correlated to the observation in batch Fenton oxidation tests. They showed that the oxidation of chlorophenols at natural soil pH depended on the dose of H2O2 and Fe2+. The soil organic content did not vary significantly after various Fenton treatments, while the sorption of chlorophenols was 10-25% less by the oxidation. The concentration of chlorophenols in the liquid phase exhibited a "decrease and rebound" phenomenon in the batch Fenton oxidation tests. It appeared that the oxidation of SOM resulted in the release of sorbed chlorophenols which were then oxidized by the excess H2O2. An "oxidation-desorption-oxidation" scheme was proposed to describe one of the interaction mechanisms among the oxidant, SOM, and chlorophenols during oxidation.     

废水处理用生物填料的研究进展

概述了废 (污 )水处理用生物填料的现状和发展 ,并针对现今水处理用生物填料存在的亲水性和生物亲和性(活性 )不足这一问题 ,提出了解决办法和发展方向 ,指出生物亲和亲水活性磁种填料的应用 ,可望大大提高废水生物降解的效率。     

还原铁粉/紫外光体系对活性艳红X-3B溶液的脱色

研究了在紫外杀菌灯（λmax=253．7nm,30W）照射下,添加还原铁粉的活性艳红X－3B水溶液的脱色作用。当pH=3．5,铁粉投加量为2．0g／L时,20mg／L活性艳红X－3B溶液在光照180min后的脱色率为79％。脱色为动力学零级反应。染料溶液的pH、铁粉投加量、活性艳红初始浓度对脱色有影响。初步探讨了脱色反应的机理。     

生态条件和瘤胃菌丛密度与纤维分解的关系

在自行设计装配的人工模拟瘤胃发酵装置内，用90523-1瘤胃菌丛进行瘤胃体外发酵试验，结果表明纤维素的分解与瘤胃细菌的密度及其类群变化有着密切关系，都受生态环境条件的制约。在发酵温度40℃，搅拌速度为60～70r／min的条件下搅动20min／h，C／N为10：1的生态条件环境中的细菌密度和纤维素分解率都高于相同生态条件的其它梯度组。     

新垦赤红壤不同轮作的养分变化

五年的研究结果是:赤红壤耕垦之后只要采取合理的轮作和结合适当的秸秆返回措施,它的肥力就可以得到保持,而且还可以获得显著提高。在四种轮作形式中,效果最明显的为1:1,它的土壤有机质、全量N、P、K含量比轮作前分别提高了L 22、1.84、2.27和0.06倍1:2和2:1的效果较差,分别提高了0.57、0.83、2.08、0.39倍和1.02、0.91、1.46、-0.07倍,0:1的由于没有轮作,加上每年把长好的草皮铲走,导致了土壤有机质、全氮量反而比轮作前下降了6.5％和25.0％。随着轮作土壤养分的提高,土壤物理和微生物状况也获得了改善。     

用蒽醌生产中的废硫酸制备硫酸钾

研究了以蒽醌生产中的废硫酸为原料,通过缔合,置换,解缔等步骤,制备硫酸钾的最佳工艺条件。在最佳条件下,可使废硫酸中Ｈ２ＳＯ４的质量分数从２３％降至０．６０％,废硫酸成盐率为８９．０１％,硫酸钾纯度为９５．８５％。     

Ecosystem service tradeoff between traditional and modern agriculture: a case study in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province, China

Besides crops, agriculture supplies all three major categories of ecosystem services (ES). However, agriculture also supplies an array of ecosystem dis-services (EDS) that may harm other ecosystems. The flows of ES and EDS are directly dependent on the management of agricultural ecosystems. The traditional method of Chinese agriculture, which supports sustainable agriculture, has been proven to increase ES and reduce EDS. However, there is a lack of a detailed understanding of the ES and EDS associated with traditional agriculture, and also of differences between traditional and modern agriculture. In this study, an investigation was conducted on the ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem dis-services (EDS) of traditional and modern agriculture in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province, China. Afterwards, the economic values of ES and EDS were quantified experimentally and calculated based on the market price. The results show that: the net economic value of traditional rice-fish agriculture was 3.31×10⁴ CNY·ha^?1 (6.83 CNY = 1 USD as of July, 2009) and that of rice monoculture was 1.99×10⁴ CNY·ha^?1. Significant differences existed between traditional rice-fish and rice monoculture fields for their economic values of some ES or EDS. A benefit and cost analysis (BCA) model was used to adjust the conflict between the economic income and environmental loss from traditional and modern agriculture. The BCA model not only calculates the net income but also monetizes the EDS of the agricultural systems. The results showed that the net income of rice-fish agriculture was 1.94×10⁴ CNY·ha^?1 higher than that of rice monoculture. However, the benefit to cost ratio (BCR) of rice-fish agriculture was lower than that of rice monoculture, indicating that the traditional agricultural model was not the most optimized choice for farmers. The value of the rice-fish agriculture was much higher than that of the rice monoculture. Thus, when considering the benefits that rice-fish agriculture contributes to the largescale society, these agricultural methods needs to be utilized. Furthermore, the labor opportunity costs were calculated and the comprehensive value of rice monoculture was negative. Finally, the compensation standard was calculated based on the comprehensive benefit analysis. The lowest level was 1.09×10³ CNY·ha^?1, and the highest level was 1.21×10⁴ CNY·ha^?1.