典型建筑固体废弃物再生骨料对环保砖性能的影响

随着我国城市化和工业化进程的快速推进,城市建设产生大量的建筑废弃物,燃煤电厂产生大量炉底渣,建筑固废的处置在城市可持续发展过程中备受关注。以建筑垃圾再生骨料、炉底渣和石粉等区域特色的骨料制备环保砖,系统考察了骨料对环保砖力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,再生骨料的种类对环保砖抗压强度的影响显著。再生骨料中混凝土的增加,环保砖抗压强度逐渐增加;而再生骨料中粘土砖含量的增加,环保砖抗压强度明显降低。环保砖抗压强度随炉底渣的含量增加而降低,石粉对环保砖抗压强度有提升作用。     

四环素高效降解酵母菌Trichosporon mycotoxinivoransXPY-10降解特性

Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans XPY-10是一株分离自抗生素制药厂的高效四环素降解酵母菌。为了建立该菌株降解四环素的适宜条件,分别研究了碳源、有机氮源、金属离子等营养物质及初始底物浓度、接种量、pH、温度、装液量、摇床转速等理化因素对菌体生长及四环素降解效率的影响。结果表明,菌株XPY-10生长的最适碳源和氮源分别为蔗糖和蛋白胨。在含有0.05% FeSO₄的培养基中,菌株XPY-10降解四环素的适宜条件为：接种量2%,pH 8,温度34℃,装液量100 mL（250 mL 三角瓶）,摇床转速180 r/min。在此条件下,菌株XPY-10在7 d内对初始浓度为600 mg/L的四环素降解率为83.63%。本菌株对养殖废水及制药废水中四环素的污染治理有一定的应用前景。     

亚铁离子生物氧化-还原法连续脱除硫化氢

为了降低工业废气中的硫化氢去除工艺成本和运行费用,对三价铁盐吸收与氧化亚铁硫杆菌对Fe²⁺的生物氧化联合作用脱除H₂S进行了研究。通过生物氧化塔中的固定化氧化亚铁硫杆菌细胞再生的Fe³⁺溶液,在H₂S还原吸收塔中脱除H₂S。通过单因素实验分别优化了生物氧化塔和H₂S吸收塔的运行参数,在生物氧化塔曝气量为150 L/h,停留时间为11 h,吸收液中Fe³⁺浓度为0.121~0.143 mol/L,吸收液流量为0.3 L/h,进气量为100 L/h条件下,进气中H₂S浓度分别为2.28和9.11 mg/L,系统连续运行至200 min时趋于相对稳定,当系统连续运行稳定时,H₂S的脱除率可分别达到95%和91%,脱除效果显著。     

UASB反应器反硝化处理对氨基二苯胺生产废水

采用UASB工艺处理橡胶助剂对氨基二苯胺（RT培司）生产废水。实验结果表明：UASB启动初期（1~16 d）,COD去除率由60.8%降至24.2% ,TOC去除率由75.6%降至37.2%;UASB运行16 ~50 d,COD去除率逐渐提高;运行50 d时COD去除率为69.4%,TOC去除率高达90.0%。在进水COD负荷不超过6 kg/（m³·d）的条件下,UASB对COD的去除率为42.7%~69.4%,TOC去除率为58.0%~90.0%,NO_{3^--N去除率接近100%。本实验最佳进水TOC 与TN 比为2.0,UASB进水pH可调节为4.5左右,反应温度为18~34 ℃时对UASB反硝化处理效果影响不大。UASB对苯系化合物的去除率从高至低顺序为对硝基酚>苯酚>苯胺。}     

乙醇溶析结晶法从白炭黑废母液中回收硫酸钠

以乙醇为溶析剂,通过过滤—中和—蒸馏浓缩—溶析结晶等工序,从白炭黑废母液中回收硫酸钠。考察了硫酸钠回收效果的影响因素,并进行了热能消耗和处理成本的分析。实验结果表明：乙醇的加入量对硫酸钠溶解度和蒸馏浓缩过程有着显著影响;在蒸馏醇水比（乙醇与中性废母液的体积比）为0.27,浓缩废母液中硫酸钠质量浓度为69.27 g/L,溶析醇水比（乙醇与浓缩废母液的体积比）为1的最佳工艺条件下,白炭黑废母液中硫酸钠的一次回收率可达69.94%,硫酸钠产品的纯度达到97.3%。     

Damage to DNA caused by UV-B radiation in the desert cyanobacterium Scytonema javanicum and the effects of exogenous chemicals on the process

Radiation with UV-B increased the damage to DNA in Scytonema javanicum, a desert-dwelling soil microorganism, and the level of damage varied with the intensity of UV-B radiation and duration of exposure. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also increased because of the radiation. Different exogenous chemicals (ascorbate acid, ASC; N-acetylcysteine, NAC; glyphosate, GPS; and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, MCPA-Na) differed in their effect on the extent of DNA damage and ROS production: whereas NAC and ASC protected the DNA from damage and resulted in reduced ROS production, the herbicides (GPS and MCPA-Na) increased the extent of damage, lowered the rate of photosynthesis, and differed in their effect on ROS production. The chemicals probably have different mechanisms to exercise their effects: NAC and ASC probably function as antioxidant agents or as precursors of other antioxidant molecules that protect the DNA and photosynthetic apparatus directly from the ROS produced as a result of UV-B radiation, and GPS and MCPA-Na probably disrupt the normal metabolism in S. javanicum to induce the leaking of ROS into the photosynthetic electron transfer pathway following UV-B radiation, and thereby damage the DNA. Such mechanisms have serious implications for the use of environment-friendly herbicides, which, because they can destroy DNA, may prove harmful to soil microorganisms.     

Chronic exposure to contaminated drinking water stimulates PPAR expression in mice livers

Mice were fed with source water (SW) and tap water (TW) for 90 d to evaluate hepatotoxicity induced by the drinking water. Histopathologic observation showed no obvious damage to hepatic tissue in the SW and TW groups. However, microarray analysis indicated that the SW and TW exposures affected many metabolic pathways, among which PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) signaling was most susceptible. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that both PPAR-α and PPAR-γ were significantly increased in the exposure groups compared to control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that PPAR-α expression level was increased from 23.37±0.53 ng g(-1) liver weight in control group to 26.60±1.43 ng g(-1) liver weight in SW group and 27.68±1.10 ng g(-1) liver weight in TW group (p<0.05). For PPAR-γ, the expression level was also significantly enhanced from 0.83±0.07 ng g(-1) liver weight in control group to 1.11±0.20 ng g(-1) liver weight in SW group and 1.16±0.07 ng g(-1) liver weight in TW group (p<0.05). The SW and DW posed no obvious hepatotoxicity on mice and PPAR-α/-γ could be used as a novel biomarker to assess public health risk induced by slightly contaminated drinking water.     

微囊化生物流化床处理邻二氯苯废水

采用海藻酸钠—壳聚糖—活性炭(SA-CA-PAC)生物微胶囊包埋优势降解菌用于生物流化床处理邻二氯苯废水。比较了微囊化菌和悬浮菌对废水的降解效果,同时考察了初始浓度、接种量、pH值、温度和曝气量对降解率的影响。结果表明,微囊化菌比悬浮菌拥有更适宜的生长环境,具有更好的pH稳定性和热稳定性。微囊化菌的降解效果优于悬浮菌,处理150 mg/L的邻二氯苯废水的最佳接种量为10%,最适pH为7.5,最适温度为30℃。     

Fenton氧化/高浓度泥浆法处理矿山废水

为了解决某大型铜矿废水COD不达标问题,采用Fenton氧化对原有高浓度泥浆（HDS）工艺进行改进。探讨了Fenton氧化矿山废水各指标的去除效果以及H₂O₂浓度对出水COD去除效果的影响,结果表明,Fenton氧化-电石乳中和絮凝沉淀工艺处理矿山废水是可行的,最优实验条件为：pH稳定在3.0～4.5,H₂O₂投加量0.5 mL/L,电石乳投加量8.5 g/L,PAM投加量1.5 mg/L;系统对废水COD的去除机理是加入的H₂O₂和矿山酸性废水中的Fe²⁺离子在低pH下形成Fenton试剂;系统对TFe、Zn²⁺、Cu2+ 的去除效果比Mn²⁺的去除效果更稳定。     

基于主成分分析法的辽河水体中溶解性金属来源分析

在测定辽河水体中几种主要的溶解性金属(包括7种重金属)的含量和分析其空间分布特征的基础上,运用主成分分析(PCA)法分析了金属的可能来源。结果表明,辽河水体中溶解性金属的平均浓度为Al>Cu>Zn>Cr>Hg>As>Pb>Cd,与欧美发达国家的主要水体相比,辽河水体的金属污染状况总体较重;辽河水体中溶解性金属的污染来源主要分两类:农业面源和工业废水污染源,工业综合污染源;根据主成分得分系数可知,采样点2(通江口)、3(三合屯)、7(朱尔山)的金属污染主要来源于农业面源和工业废水污染源;采样点6(药王庙)的金属污染主要来源于工业综合污染源;基于PCA法的金属来源分析对辽河流域水体金属污染治理对策的制定有着重要的指导意义。