黔南州重安江流域水环境现状及成因分析

从流域尺度研究黔南州重安江水环境质量变化特征,分析流域水环境现状.结果表明:黔南州重安江流域水质在2018年前总体较差,干流除黑塘桥断面外均在2018年消除劣Ⅴ类水体,支流五里桥断面水质在2019年达到Ⅲ类,川恒公司排口下游断面水质在2020年达到Ⅲ类,流域水环境时空异质性显著,上游水质总体优于下游.从超标污染物来看,...     

Low-temperature CO oxidation over Au-doped 13X-type zeolite catalysts: preparation and catalytic activity

Au-supported 13X-type zeolite (Au/13X) was synthesized using a common deposition–precipitation (DP) method with a solution of sodium carbonate as a precipitate agent. Further testing was conducted to test for catalytic oxidation of CO. A study was conducted on the effects of different preparation conditions (i.e., chloroauric acid concentration, solution temperature, pH of solution, and calcinations temperature) on Au/13X for CO oxidation. In respect to the catalytic activity, the relationship between different the preparation conditions and gold particles in 13X zeolite was analyzed using X-ray diffraction, TEM and XPS. The activity of Au/13X catalysts in CO oxidation was dependent on the chloroauric acid concentration. From XRD results, a higher chloroauric acid concentration induced larger gold nanoparticles, which resulted in lower catalytic activity. Results revealed that higher temperatures induced higher Au loading, homogeneous deposit, and smaller gold clusters on the support of 13X, resulting in higher CO activity. Furthermore, a pH of 5 or 6 generated greater amounts of Au loading and smaller Au particles on 13X than at a pH of 8 or 9. This may be a result of an effective exchange between Au(OH)2Cl2- and Au(OH)₃Cl^- on specific surface sites of zeolite under the pH’s 5 and 6. The sample calcined at 300°C showed the highest activity, which may be due to the sample’s calcined at 200°C inability to decompose completely to metallic gold while the sample calcined at 400°C had larger particles of gold deposited on the support. It can be concluded from this study that Au/13X prepared from a gold solution with an initial chloroauric acid solution concentration of 1.5 × 10^-3 mol·L^-1 gold solution pH of 6, solution temperature of around 90°C, and a calcination temperature of 300°C provides optimum catalytic activity for CO oxidation.     

Royal jelly inhibited N-acetylation and metabolism of 2-aminofluorene in human liver tumor cells (J5)

The present study was carried out to evaluate the question of whether or not royal jelly affects N-acetylation and metabolism of 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) in the human liver tumor cell line (J 5). N-acetylation and metabolism of 2-AF in intact J5 cells was determined by using high performance liquid chromatography for the amounts of acetylated and nonacetylated 2-AF and profile of 2-AF metabolism. The results indicated that royal jelly displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of N-acetylation of 2-AF in J5 cells. Royal jelly also decreased the profile of 2-AF metabolites in J5 cells. This report is the first demonstration which showed that royal jelly affects N-acetylation of 2-AF in human liver tumor cells (J5).     

Are Lévy flight patterns derived from the Weber–Fechner law in distance estimation?

Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are regularly faced with the task of navigating back to their hives from remote food sources. They have evolved several methods to do this, including compass-directed “vector” flights and the use of landmarks. If these hive-centered mechanisms are disrupted, bees revert to searching for the hive, using an optimal Lévy flight searching strategy. The same strategy is adopted when a food source at a known location ceases to be available. Here, we show that the programming for this Lévy strategy does not need to be very sophisticated or clever on the bee’s part, as Lévy flight patterns can be derived from the Weber–Fechner law in a bee’s odometer. Odometry errors of a different kind occur in desert ants (Cataglyphis spp., Melophorus bagoti). The searching behaviors of these ants are very similar in overall structure to that of honeybees but do not display any Lévy flight characteristics. We suggest that errors in the estimation of distance can be implicitly involved in shaping the structure of systematic search behavior and should not be regarded as merely deficiencies in the odometer.     

利用甘油脱水酶基因构建产3-羟基丙醛工程菌及其表达比较

3-羟基丙醛(3-HPA)是一种重要的化工产品,可由甘油经甘油脱水酶作用后生成.为获得产3-HPA基因工程菌,在已构建含甘油脱水酶基因及其激活因子大亚基质粒pEtac-dhaB-gdrA的基础上,构建了包含小亚基gdrB激活因子的重组质粒pEtac-dhaB-gdrA-gdrB.利用大肠杆菌通用tac启动子将该质粒在不同Escherichia coli BL21、DH5a及JM109中进行表达.阳性转化子经IPTG诱导后,提取总RNA,以cDNA为模板进行RT-PCR发现,目标基因在不同宿主都能较好转录.SDS-PAGE、酶活测定和3-HPA浓度测定结果表明,目标蛋白表达存在差异;酶活分别为4.7(±0.44)、3.5(±0.95)、8.1(±0.66)U/mg;发酵液中3-HPA的含量分别为0.012(±0.0044)、0.014(±0.003)、0.375(±0.018)g L-1,重组E.coli JM109/pEtac-dhaB-gdrA-gdrB具有较好的甘油脱水酶基因表达和产3-HPA性能.该基因工程菌与克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)相比,发酵副产物明显较少,有利于后期提取,为生产3-HPA提供了一条新思路.     

软骨藻酸神经毒性作用机制研究进展

在拟菱形藻引发的有毒赤潮中产生的记忆缺失性贝毒(amnesic shellfish poison,ASP)软骨藻酸,经贝类等海洋生物摄入进入食物链,在对海洋生物造成危害的同时,也对人类健康造成威胁。软骨藻酸中毒者临床上表现为呕吐、腹痛和头痛等症状,严重者出现神经系统功能紊乱,如昏迷、抽搐和记忆缺失。软骨藻酸结构上与兴奋性氨基酸谷氨酸相似,它可以通过直接活化KA(kainate)受体和AMPA(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid)受体介导兴奋性神经毒。本文主要从线粒体功能紊乱、内质网应激和神经炎症等方面就软骨藻酸的神经毒性作用机制进行了综述。     

水稻基因类型与生长环境对精米中砷积累的影响

砷(As)是动植物非必需的有毒类金属。水稻是对As有较强吸收和富集能力的大宗粮食作物,大米的食用是我国及东南亚地区人体暴露As的最主要途径,严重威胁人体健康。水稻籽粒中As的积累与水稻的基因型及众多环境因子密切相关,而且表现出复杂的交互作用。在浙江省选择了不同土壤砷背景值的5块水稻田,同时在嘉兴市农科院布置了人工添加As的盆栽实验,比较了20个水稻品种在这6个实验点的精米中As含量。结果表明,水稻基因型与环境及其相互作用对水稻籽粒中As的积累均有极显著影响,并且筛选得到了5个精米中As含量较低的基因型:秀水128、秀水09、秀水134、甬粳16和Y-05-8。     

促进氰钴胺素转化为腺苷钴胺素的基因表达与鉴定

辅酶B12作为甘油脱水酶(GDHt)的辅酶参与到Klebsiella pneumoniae代谢甘油生成1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PD)和3-羟基丙酸(3-HP)的途径中.前期研究表明底物甘油可以导致辅酶B12分子中Co—C键的断裂,进而引起GDHt的失活.为进一步研究非活性的维生素B12(CNCbI)转化为具有活性的辅酶B12(AdoCbI)的过程,从K.pneumoniae中克隆得到了ATP:钴(I)胺素腺苷转移酶(ACA)基因btuR和还原酶基因yciK,并成功构建了双启动子表达质粒pUC18-tac-btuR-tac-yciK,将表达质粒转化Escherichia coli JM109获得了一株重组菌.利用改进的分析方法,结果表明:1)重组蛋白具有腺苷转移酶的活性;2)重组菌可以很好地将非活性的钴胺素,如维生素B12,转化生成具有活性的辅酶B12.     

粤北2座饮用水源地水库的富营养化与浮游植物群落动态

粤北地区的水库以山地型水库为主,其中有不少担负着饮用水源的功能。为了解粤北地区水源地水库的富营养化状态与浮游植物种群的动态变化,于2011年的枯水期（2―3月）和丰水期（6―7月）对花山和白水礤2座中型水库进行了采样调查,对水库的营养盐和浮游植物种群进行了分析。结果表明：2座水库均为贫营养型;浮游植物在枯水期和丰水期的种类变化不大,共鉴定出的浮游植物6门37种（属）,以硅藻为主要优势种群,优势种为小环藻（Cyclotella sp.）和颗粒直链藻（Melosira granulata）。同时,枯水期和丰水期2座水库浮游植物的丰度和生物量都比较低,其值分别为0.65×106～1.95×106cells.L-1、0.11 mg.L-1和0.73×106～8.9×106cells.L-1、0.05～0.50 mg.L-1。在浮游植物种群动态中,2座水库浮游植物丰度和生物量的季节变化主要表现为硅藻丰度和生物量的变化,低浓度的氮、磷营养盐限制是影响这2座贫营养水库浮游植物动态变化主要因素。     

沉积物中2,2',4,4'-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)在铜锈环棱螺体内的毒代动力学及其繁殖毒性

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是一种全球性的新型持久性有毒污染物,沉积物中高浓度的PBDEs是水生态系统的巨大风险源,2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)在PBDEs同系物中,目前分布最广,生物毒性最强。为评价沉积物中BDE-47向底栖动物体内转移的潜力及其对底栖动物的潜在繁殖毒性,将实验室培养的铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)暴露于BDE-47加标沉积物中,研究了BDE-47在铜锈环棱螺体内的毒代动力学特性及其对铜锈环棱螺潜在繁殖力的影响。结果表明,铜锈环棱螺对沉积物中BDE-47吸收较快,代谢速度相对较慢,BDE-47在铜锈环棱螺体内具有较强的生物积累性。生物积累达理论平衡时,铜锈环棱螺体内BDE-47浓度为1440.67ng·g-1(以样品干质量计)。BDE-47在铜锈环棱螺体内的生物积累和生物净化过程较好地符合一级动力学模型,摄入速率常数、清除速率常数和生物-沉积物累积因子分别为0.10、0.038和2.75,生物半衰期为18d。铜锈环棱螺体内BDE-47达到90%稳定状态所需的理论时间约为60d。低浓度BDE-47(160ng·g-1)暴露对铜锈环棱螺的潜在繁殖力没有影响,但当浓度≥640ng·g-1时,铜锈环棱螺的繁殖力下降50%,这表明BDE-47对铜锈环棱螺具有繁殖毒性。铜锈环棱螺可作为指示沉积物中底栖生物长期暴露于BDE-47的良好检测模型。