聚氯乙烯微塑料的原位光解老化及其对土壤微生物群落的影响

近年来,微塑料污染越来越受到大众和科研人员的关注.微塑料被报道在水体、土壤和大气中广泛分布,它们在环境中可能受到物理、化学或生物作用而发生老化现象.目前大部分关于微塑料老化的研究都是在水环境中进行的,同时,有关微塑料的老化研究主要采用离线技术进行表征,只能测定微塑料老化前后的结构变化,不能准确认识微塑料界面反应过程,因此,亟待开发微塑料老化过程的在线监测技术及研究其在非水相环境中的老化过程.研究污染物性质的目的 之一是为研究其环境影响提供理论依据,因此,本研究选择了聚氯乙烯(PVC)农业地膜在空气中老化后进入土壤的环境过程,搭建了单颗粒微塑料的显微-傅里叶变换红外光谱原位监测装置,从分子水平揭示了PVC微塑料的光化学转化过程,同时也探究了老化后PVC微塑料对土壤微生物群落所产生的影响.     

公路隧道压缩空气泡沫系统灭油池火实验研究

为研究压缩空气泡沫与4.65 m2汽油池火作用过程中隧道内温度、热辐射强度、高温烟气等的变化规律,采用30 m×6 m×6 m公路隧道实验模型,考察公路隧道压缩空气泡沫系统对油池火的灭火性能。结果表明:在供给强度为5.1 L/(min·m2)、气液比14∶1条件下,公路隧道压缩空气泡沫系统对于汽油池火具有优异的控灭火能力,控火时间为21 s,灭火时间为27 s,且泡沫性能稳定,抗复燃能力强;压缩空气泡沫对于隧道内高温烟气层扰动很小,不会导致高温烟气下降到隧道下部,故不影响人员逃生疏散;在压缩空气泡沫作用下,隧道顶部及侧壁100 ℃以上高温持续时间均不超过150 s,并且可在30 s内将油池火周围的热辐射强度降至安全范围。     

江苏省排污许可实施情况及对策建议

构建以排污许可制为核心的"一证式"固定污染源监管制度体系,是推动生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要举措。本文结合作者参与实际管理工作的心得体会,回顾了排污许可管理体系的构建情况,总结了江苏省排污许可制度实施成效,剖析了江苏省排污许可管理实践中存在的问题,从优化技术支撑体系、完善法规体系、加强数据融合等方面提出了改进的对策建议,并提出了江苏省排污许可管理实践的下一步工作展望。     

由一起厂内机动车事故引发的思考

本文对一起叉车安全事故的直接原因进行分析,并分别讨论了叉车本身缺陷导致事故发生的可能性、驾驶人员自身的不规范操作,以及使用单位在制度建设及实施方面存在的缺陷.     

重庆大气汞人为排放及其预测

利用排放因子法和灰色预测法对重庆大气汞人为排放进行了研究. 重庆大气汞人为排放量从1997年的6.18 t增加到2008年的13.47 t. 重庆自1997年成为直辖市以来,大气汞排放量累计达99.76 t,年均增长率为9.82%,其中燃煤和水泥生产汞排放量分别达58.34和22.37 t. 以1997─2008年重庆大气汞人为排放数据为依据,运用灰色系统理论建立GM(1,1)大气汞人为排放预测模型,预测了2009─2015年重庆大气汞排放趋势. 如果不采取控制措施,预计2015年重庆大气汞人为排放量约30.92 t,年均增长率将高达16.20%.      

紫色土小流域土壤及氮磷流失特征研究

紫色土区土壤及其养分流失对长江水环境产生严重威胁。然而,有关该地区自然降雨侵蚀下土壤及氮磷流失规律的研究却较为少见。以紫色土农田利用为主小流域为研究对象,监测自然降雨侵蚀下土壤及其氮磷的流失过程,以期服务于流域尺度土壤及养分流失的模拟与控制。结果表明,次降雨径流含沙量与流量的变化基本同步,峰值含沙量往往出现在峰值流量处或略有提前,此后,含沙量迅速降低。硝态氮流失浓度与流量的变化成反比,峰值流量处流失浓度一般达到最低,此后,随着流量的降低,其流失浓度存在较为明显的升高过程。铵态氮与水溶性磷的流失表现为剧烈波动的变化特征。氮素流失的主要形态是硝态氮,其占到次降雨无机氮流失总量的88%～97%。     

Molecular sieve material from liquid–crystal-display waste glass and silicon carbide sludge via hydrothermal process with alkali fusion pretreatment

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The goal of this paper was to synthesize eco-humidity-conditioned Al-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves (CHCMs) from liquid–crystal-display...     

Modified explosive diagram for determining gas-mixture explosibility

Determination of mine gas explosibility is definitely a significant work for mine safety especially when any mine rescue strategies are under planning or implementing. In detail, its importance can be well understood by the following two aspects: First, if a coal mine's production is under the normal conditions, the underground mine atmosphere must be monitored as a timely matter and its explosibility should also be determined shortly due to the continuous emission of methane or other combustible gases. Thus, the critical time which means a time period that combustible gases could build up to reach the lower flammable limit and then pass the upper flammable limit can be effectively watched and controlled. Second, when facing a mine rescue work or mitigating a hazard of mine accidents (gas explosion, coal fire, etc.), the explosibility determination is also very critical for miners' lives. In this paper, a widely used mine gas explosibility determination method, the Coward diagram, is going to be modified to improve its accuracy. The improvements made in this research effort include: (1) expanding the original Coward diagram; (2) correcting flammable limits; (3) redefining the nose limit for each combustible gas; (4) developing an equation to predict the excess amount of inert gas for individual combustible gas. Finally, the flowchart of the modified Coward explosibility diagram method is listed. By a cross-verification study, it shows that the modified Coward method has better accuracy and reliability and could be applied in practices.     

Quantitative risk analysis of urban natural gas pipeline networks using geographical information systems

This paper presents a novel quantitative risk analysis process for urban natural gas pipeline networks using geographical information systems (GIS). The process incorporates an assessment of failure rates of integrated pipeline networks, a quantitative analysis model of accident consequences, and assessments of individual and societal risks. Firstly, the failure rates of the pipeline network are calculated using empirical formulas influenced by parameters such as external interference, corrosion, construction defects, and ground movements. Secondly, the impacts of accidents due to gas leakage, diffusion, fires, and explosions are analyzed by calculating the area influenced by poisoning, burns, and deaths. Lastly, based on the previous analyses, individual risks and social risks are calculated. The application of GIS technology helps strengthen the quantitative risk analysis (QRA) model and allows construction of a QRA system for urban gas pipeline networks that can aid pipeline management staff in demarcating high risk areas requiring more frequent inspections.     

Bacterial diversity in activated sludge from a consecutively aerated submerged membrane bioreactor treating domestic wastewater

The bacterial diversity of activated sludge from submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) was investigated. A 16S rDNA clone library was generated, and 150 clones were screened using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Of the screened clones, almost full-length 16S rDNA sequences of 64 clones were sequenced. Phylogenetic tree was constructed with a database containing clone sequences from this study and bacterial rDNA sequences from NCBI for identification purposes. The 90.6% of the clones were a?l...