MSBR法污水处理在线模糊控制的研究

MSBR法就其运行功能和效果而言,被认为是一种理想的污水处理工艺流程.由于运行过程变量多,它属于复杂的动态系统.目前采用的PID控制模式无法找到精确的模型来描述,故将模糊控制用于MSBR工艺系统控制中,对于处理效果有关的变量进行模糊控制,用模糊控制算法对处理效果的测试进行研究,并将该模糊控制算法在MATLAB上进行了仿真,结果表明系统具有较强的鲁棒性和自适应性及优良的控制性能.     

低压离子色谱分离-吐温-20增敏偶合化学发光检测Cr(Ⅵ)

Cr(Ⅵ)经低压离子色谱分离,与K4Fe(CN)6反应生成的K3Fe(CN)6再和Luminol化学发光反应偶合,表面活性剂吐温-20对此化学发光有很强的增敏作用.优化条件下,Cr(Ⅵ)浓度与化学发光强度在2.8×10-9-1.0×10-6g·ml-1范围内成正比,检出限达9.3×10-10g·ml-1.用于江水中Cr(Ⅵ)测定,结果与标准方法一致.     

Au nanoring arrays as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate for chemical component study of individual atmospheric aerosol particle

Monolayer-ordered gold nanoring arrays were prepared by ion-sputtering method and used as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates to test the individual atmospheric aerosols particle. Compared to other methods used for testing atmospheric aerosols particles, the collection and subsequent detection in our work is performed directly on the gold nanoring SERS substrate without any treatment of the analyte. The SERS performance can be tuned by changing the depth of the gold nanoring cavity as originating from coupling of dipolar modes at the inner and outer surfaces of the nanorings. The electric field exhibits uniform enhancement and polarization in the ordered Au nanoring substrate, which can improve the accuracy for detecting atmospheric aerosol particles. Combined with Raman mapping, the information about chemical composition of individual atmospheric aerosols particle and distribution of specific components can be presented visually. The results show the potential of SERS in enabling improved analysis of aerosol particle chemical composition, mixing state, and other related physicochemical properties.     

2021年沙尘天气影响下江苏省空气质量特征分析

对2021年影响江苏省的沙尘天气过程开展研究,分析受影响的时间、区域特征及环境空气质量特征。结果表明,影响江苏省的沙尘天气过程共计13次,全省累计受影响229 d。从时间分布看,沙尘天气过程多发生在1月、3—5月,2月、11月较少,6—10月和12月无沙尘天气过程。从区域分布看,苏北地区受沙尘天气过程影响较显著,受影响天数>20 d的城市均分布于此。受沙尘天气过程影响,且东北偏北风或东北风输送时,可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)和细颗粒物(PM_2.5)较易出现小时高值。沙尘过程造成PM₁₀日均质量浓度超标的天数占比为38.0%,造成PM_2.5日均质量浓度超标的天数占比仅为12.7%;扣除沙尘天气过程影响后,PM_2.5和PM₁₀年均质量浓度分别较扣除前下降1和6μg/m³,沙尘天气过程对PM₁₀质量浓度的影响大于对PM_2.5质量浓度的影响。受沙尘天气过程影响时,环境空气质量为轻度污染及以上级别占...     

庐山上的如意草

耸立于中华大地的庐山,有着谜一样的境界。梦一般的画图。有人这样描绘庐山四季的景象：“春如梦,夏如滴,秋如醉,冬如玉”。第一次登上崔嵬突兀,苍翠葱茏的庐山．正是那样一个“春如梦”的日子。我们上山那会儿,天是阴沉着的,不知从哪里飘来那么多的雾,轻轻地罩住了我们。     

The Status of Pesticide Residues in the Drinking Water Sources in Meiliangwan Bay, Taihu Lake of China

The study was carried out to assess the levels of pesticide residues in the water of Meiliangwan Bay, Taihu Lake of China. The most commonly employed organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) and herbicide atrazine were analyzed. The water samples were collected seasonally from Meiliangwan Bay within a period of one year. The pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with μECD or NPD after solid-phase extraction (SPE), which was confirmed by GC with an ion trap mass spectrometry (MS). The mean concentrations were 1.98 ng/l for lindane, 0.378 ng/l for heptachlor epoxide, 0.367 ng/l for p,p′-DDE, 0.496 ng/l for p,p′-DDD, 1.06 ng/l for p,p′-DDT and 51.6 ng/l for dichlorvos, 39.0 ng/l for demeton, 346 ng/l for dimethoate, 4.12 ng/l for methyl parathion, 11.6 ng/l for malathion, 2.17 ng/l for parathion and 217 ng/l for atrazine. Generally, low concentrations of OCP were found, whereas the concentrations of the OPPs and atrazine in the water of Taihu Lake were relatively high. Heptachlor epoxide and lindane were the two most commonly encountered OCPs while dichlorvos, demeton and dimethoate were found to have much higher concentrations and occurrences than other OPPs.     

三维电极法处理含钴、锰废水

采用三维电极法对工业精对苯二甲酸(PTA)装置产生的含钴、锰废水进行处理.通过与传统二维电极法的处理效果进行比较,论证了三维电极法脱除Co2+,Mn2+的优越性.探究了填料类型、极板间电压、粒子电极填充比(粒子电极质量(g)与废水体积(mL)的比)、极板间距等工艺参数对Co2+,Mn2+脱除率的影响.实验结果表明,适宜...     

中国省级环境信息系统设计

介绍覆盖２７个省的中国省级环境信息系统的总体设计、基本结构、主要内容,开发过程和特点,在环境信息资源管理战略规划和规范化研究的指导下,采用结构化生命周期思想同快速原型开发方法相结合的方式,开发了若干基础数据库,环境管理模块和决策支持模块,建成的系统基本达到技术先进、功能实用、设计规范、管理方便的要求,为进一步建设我国的环境信息网络打下了基础。     

对几种大气环境预测方法的评估

本文根据石家庄市的常规气象资料和混合层高度,用不同的计算模式和计算方法对本市特征污染因子SO_4的长期平均浓度进行计算,把计算结果与实测浓度比较并进行误差分析,对每种计算方法进行评价,最后讨论了各种计算方法的特点及在城市大气环境预测中的实用性.     

汽车尾气的初期扩散与扩散参数

通过风洞模拟实验,分析研究汽车尾流区的流场特性,确定了汽车机械扰动产生的尾气初期扩散范围,提出了一种考虑初期扩散影响的确定近距离扩散参数的简易方法。现场示踪实验和实测资料的验证表明,用该方法确定尾气扩散参数是可靠的。