长江经济带工业绿色转型与生态文明建设的办同效应研究

测度长江经济带工业绿色转型效率和生态文明建设质量,把脉二者协同效应,对推进长江经济带绿色协同发展具有实践指导作用.在全国视野下,基于2011～2017年省级数据,采用Super-SBM模型测度长江经济带工业绿色转型效率,运用熵权法-Topsis评价模型测度长江经济带生态文明建设质量,构建耦合协调度模型实证研究长江经济带工业绿色转型与生态文明建设的协同效应.结果 表明:长江经济带工业绿色转型效率低于全国平均水平,上中下游地区呈梯度递增空间格局,省际差异显著;长江经济带生态文明建设质量与全国平均水平基本持平,上中下游地区呈"V"型空间格局,省际差异较小;长江经济带各省份工业绿色转型效率与生态文明建设质量的协同系数普遍较低,且呈加剧趋势,主要原因是生态文明建设滞后于工业绿色转型.建议地方政府提高对工业绿色转型与生态文明建设协同发展的重视程度,着力扭转生态文明建设滞后于工业绿色转型的发展态势.特别要加大国土空间和生态环境治理保护力度,推动长江经济带中上游地区农业和工业生态化发展,普及生态文化,完善生态安全治理体系.     

含锌废物综合利用项目环境影响评价工程探索

工业生产的废物当中包含多种重金属,例如钢铁厂的粉尘当中就含有锌。含锌粉尘不仅会在高炉内循环和富集,影响高炉的运行,还会造成环境污染。基于此,本文主要分析含锌废物综合利用,对该项目进行环境评价,探讨有效的对策,以提高含锌废物综合利用的科学性,提高环境保护等级。     

国家自主贡献机制下的减排力度调控机制设计

现有国家自主贡献机制存在约束力弱、减排力度小的问题,对此,本文在论证该机制内在缺陷的基础上,基于信息不对称理论的委托代理模型设计了减排力度调控机制。该减排力度调控机制既能使各国的自主贡献额具有强约束力,又能灵活调控各国的减排力度,并发掘各国的减排潜力。该减排力度调控机制有助于弥补现有国家自主贡献机制的缺陷,促进国际社会的减排。     

典型类雌激素的降解方法及其影响因素研究进展

类雌激素是一类新兴污染物,目前在环境中普遍存在,且在极低浓度下可对生物体和环境产生重大威胁.本文重点介绍了酚类、天然类固醇类和邻苯二甲酸酯等3种典型类雌激素的来源、环境分布特征及其生物毒性,综述了典型类雌激素的最新化学降解法(直接光解法和高级氧化法)和生物降解法(菌类降解法和藻类降解法)及其特点.直接光解法操作简便,但降解效果不佳;高级氧化法能快速高效地去除类雌激素,但操作相对复杂、影响因素较多;生物降解法的应用性强,但处理周期长、受环境因素影响大.此外还阐述了类雌激素的降解机理及其影响因素,最后对典型类雌激素的多种高效联合降解技术提出了展望.     

Stratification effects on hydrodynamics and mixing at a river confluence with discordant bed

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Stratification effects induced by density differences between the incoming flows are investigated at a medium-size stream confluence with a highly discordant bed....     

不同气源压缩气体泡沫灭石油醚火灾性能比较

采用实验室压缩气体泡沫系统,通过缩尺油盘火试验,分别考察基于不同气源的压缩气体泡沫对于石油醚火灾的灭火性能,分析探讨适用于低沸点的石油醚类燃料火灾扑救的气源类型和供气方案。结果表明,在泡沫溶液供给强度为2.5 L/(min·m2)的条件下,压缩氮气泡沫和压缩空气泡沫均可扑灭石油醚火灾,具有良好的抗烧性能;二者相比,压缩氮气泡沫比压缩空气泡沫的控灭火性能和抗烧性能均有一定提升;对于石油醚类的低沸点易燃液体火灾,建议采用以氮气作为气源的压缩氮气泡沫系统;该研究可为压缩气体泡沫系统在石油化工行业工程应用提供技术支撑。     

Utilization of MSWI fly ash as partial cement or sand substitute with focus on cementing efficiency and health risk assessment

• Washed MSWI fly ash was used as partial cement or sand substitute. • Sand replacing is beneficial for strength, while cement replacement reduces strength. • Cementing efficiency factor and mortar pore structure explain the strength results. • Health risk assessment was conducted for MSWI fly ash blended cement mortar. • CR and HI contributed by different exposures and heavy metals were analyzed. The strength of cement substituted mortar decreases with the increase in fly ash amount, whereas the strength increases when the fly ash is blended as sand substitute. A mortar with highest strength (compressive strength= 30.2 Mpa; flexural strength= 7.0 Mpa) was obtained when the sand replacement ratio was 0.75%. The k value (cementing efficiency) of fly ash varied between 0.36 and 0.15 for the fly ash fraction in binder between 5% and 25%. The k values of fly ash used for sand replacement were all significantly above that used for cement substitution. The macropores assigned to the gaps between particles decreased when the fly ash was used as sand replacement, providing an explanation for the strength enhancement. The waste-extraction procedure (toxicity-sulphuric acid and nitric acid method (HJ/T 299-2007)) was used to evaluate metal leaching, indicating the reuse possibility of fly ash blended mortar. For the mortar with the mass ratio of fly ash to binder of 0.5%, the carcinogenic risks (CR) and non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) in sensitive scenario for blended mortar utilization were 9.66 × 10^-7 and 0.06, respectively; these results were both lower than the threshold values, showing an acceptable health risk. The CR (9.89 × 10^-5) and HQ (3.89) of the non-sensitive scenario for fly ash treatment exceeded the acceptable threshold values, indicating health risks to onsite workers. The main contributor to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk is Cr and Cd, respectively. The CR and HQ from inhalation was the main route of heavy metal exposure.     

A review of measurement methods for peracetic acid (PAA)

• Physical and chemical properties and application of peracetic acid solution. • Determination method of high concentration peracetic acid. • Determination method of residual peracetic acid (low concentration). Peroxyacetic acid has been widely used in food, medical, and synthetic chemical fields for the past several decades. Recently, peroxyacetic acid has gradually become an effective alternative disinfectant in wastewater disinfection and has strong redox capacity for removing micro-pollutants from drinking water. However, commercial peroxyacetic acid solutions are primarily multi-component mixtures of peroxyacetic acid, acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and water. During the process of water treatment, peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) often coexist, which limits further investigation on the properties of peroxyacetic acid. Therefore, analytical methods need to achieve a certain level of selectivity, particularly when peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide coexist. This review summarizes the measurement and detection methods of peroxyacetic acid, comparing the principle, adaptability, and relative merits of these methods.     

A novel sigma coordinate system to simulate abrupt changes of underwater terrain in a hydrodynamic model: application to Lake Mead,USA

The sigma (SIG) coordinate system in ocean circulation simulation models results inevitably in horizontal pressure gradient error. This problem also emerges in models of deep lakes or reservoirs with the same characteristics of underwater terrain mutation. SIG coordinates reflect vertical relative stratification but cannot be used to calculate horizontal pressure gradient force in places with drastic topographic changes; this results in vertical water temperature and circulation errors. In deep lakes or reservoirs, differences in water density caused by the temperature difference between upper and lower water bodies is the primary cause of thermal stratification phenomena. Lake Mead was used as a case study on steep topography based on Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model in this study. SIG coordinates result in close agreement between the calibrated temperature time series at the top and middle water layers, but disparity in the bottom water layer. The error emerges in the horizontal pressure gradient error due to the SIG coordinate transformation. Neither increasing the vertical resolution nor adjusting the horizontal viscosity coefficient resolve this error. We test the sigma-zed (SGZ) coordinate which combines Z coordinate and SIG coordinate as a replacement for the SIG coordinate to find that they effectively reduce the model’s runtime and simulation efficiency. The vertical temperature distribution in SGZ coordinate mode is more accurate than the distribution in SIG coordinate mode. The Navier-Stokes horizontal gradient and advection diffusion equation results under SIG coordinates are very sensitive to the pressure gradient. The replacement also enhances resolution near the thermocline, facilitates reclosing of the water bottom and the equal sigma surface, lends significant advantages in terms of vertical temperature in the simulation for local deep water with steep terrain, and shortens runtime for 0.14 h. SGZ mixed coordinates are recommended in the simulation of deep lakes or reservoirs wherein the underwater topography is large (with abundant continuous deep trenches or reefs).

     

Soil labile and recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen dynamics in relation to functional vegetation groups along precipitation gradients in secondary grasslands of South China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil labile and recalcitrant carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are strongly controlled by plant inputs and climatic conditions. However, the interrelation...