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781.
西安城市交通干道汽车污染物排放因子 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在西安城市交通隧道内设3 个空气监测点,对通过隧道的汽车排气形成的污染物浓度、隧道内风速、过往隧道的交通量进行采样、观测和统计。根据实测数据用大气扩散方程求得西安城市道路汽车平均单车 C O、 H C 和 N Ox 排放因子分别为33279 ±12158 、3577 ±1816 和4605 ±1981 mg/m·veh 。与国外的成果相比,中国城市道路汽车 C O 和 H C 排放因子分别是国外发达国家汽车排放因子的2 ~9 倍和3 ~9 倍,而中国城市汽车 N Ox 排放因子约为发达国家汽车排放因子的二分之一。 相似文献
782.
783.
Wenjuan Liao Hao-Jie Cui Yaqi Ning Cong Wu Wei Peng Dong Cheng Lichu Yin Weijun Zhou 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(2):688-698
It has been documented that organic contaminants can be degraded by hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) produced by the activation of H2 O2 by Fe(II)-bearing clay. However, the interfacial electron transfer reactions between structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation and its effects on contaminant remediation are unclear. In this study, we first investigated the relation between • OH generation sites and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation by activating H2O2 using nontronite with different reduction extents. SMX (5.2–16.9 μmol/L) degradation first increased and then decreased with an increase in the reduction extent of nontronite from 22% to 62%, while the • OH production increased continually. Passivization treatment of edge sites and structural variation results revealed that interfacial electron transfer reactions between Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 occur at both the edge and basal plane. The enhancement on basal plane interfacial electron transfer reactions in a high reduction extent rNAu-2 leads to the enhancement on utilization efficiencies of structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation.However, the • OH produced at the basal planes is less efficient in oxidizing SMX than that of at edge sites. Oxidation of SMX could be sustainable in the H 2 O 2 /rNAu-2 system through chemically reduction. The results of this study show the importance role of • OH generation sites on antibiotic degradation and provide guidance and potential strategies for antibiotic degradation by Fe(II)-bearing clay minerals in H 2 O 2 -based treatments. 相似文献
784.
785.
以玉米芯为原料制备生物炭,并采用"盐酸+超声波"改性,研究了其对含盐污水中氨氮的吸附特性。结果表明,改性玉米芯生物炭的比表面积和酸性含氧官能团含量较改性前分别提高了7.5、18.2倍,在氨氮初始质量浓度为40 mg/L、盐度为0.45%、p H值为5.0、投加量为2.5 g时,对氨氮的吸附率可达79.4%。改性玉米芯生物炭在含盐条件下对氨氮的吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型,理论最大吸附量为2.538 2~2.842 6 mg/g,显著高于改性前。热力学分析表明,玉米芯生物炭对含盐污水中氨氮的吸附主要为物理吸附,且是自发、放热及熵增加的过程。以HCl为解吸剂,改性前后玉米芯生物炭的最佳吸附-解吸循环次数分别为3、7次,再生后对氨氮的平衡吸附量分别为解吸前的85.1%、93.8%。 相似文献
786.
787.
针对渝阳煤矿松软破碎突出煤层的支护难点,计算设计了锚杆和锚索的长度、间排距、锚固长度及锚固力等参数,并在2810回风巷进行了锚网索梁联合支护试验,矿压监测结果表明,锚网索梁支护后巷道顶底移近量、两帮移近量和顶板离层量都远小于架棚支护巷道,锚杆和锚索的锚固力都达到了设计值。研究表明,锚网索梁支护方式能够应用于松软突出煤层,可提高煤巷围岩控制效果。 相似文献
788.
Nana Cheng Cheng Zhang Deji Jing Wei Li Tianjiao Guo Qiaoli Wang Sujing Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(6):118-128
The source apportionment of PM2.5 is essential for pollution prevention. In view of the weaknesses of individual models, we proposed an integrated chemical mass balance-source emission inventory (CMB-SEI) model to acquire more accurate results. First, the SEI of secondary component precursors (SO2, NOx, NH3, and VOCs) was compiled to acquire the emission ratios of these sources for the precursors. Then, a regular CMB simulation was executed to obtain the contributions of primary particle sources and secondary components (SO42?, NO3-, NH4+, and SOC). Afterwards, the contributions of secondary components were apportioned into primary sources according to the source emission ratios. The final source apportionment results combined the contributions of primary sources by CMB and SEI. This integrated approach was carried out via a case study of three coastal cities (Zhoushan, Taizhou, and Wenzhou; abbreviated WZ, TZ, and ZS) in Zhejiang Province, China. The regular CMB simulation results showed that PM2.5 pollution was mainly affected by secondary components and mobile sources. The SEI results indicated that electricity, industrial production and mobile sources were the largest contributors to the emission of PM2.5 gaseous precursors. The simulation results of the CMB-SEI model showed that PM2.5 pollution in the coastal areas of Zhejiang Province presented complex pollution characteristics dominated by mobile sources, electricity production sources and industrial production sources. Compared to the results of the CMB and SEI models alone, the CMB-SEI model completely apportioned PM2.5 to primary sources and simultaneously made the results more accurate and reliable in accordance with local industrial characteristics. 相似文献
789.
Nitrogen in pond sediments is a major water quality concern and can impact the productivity of aquaculture. Dissolved oxygen is an important factor for improving water quality and boosting fish growth in aquaculture ponds, and plays an important role in the conversion of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) to nitrite-nitrogen (NO2?-N) and eventually nitrate-nitrogen (NO3?-N). A central goal of the study was to identify the best aeration method and strategy for improving water quality in aquaculture ponds. We conducted an experiment with six tanks, each with a different aeration mode to simulate the behavior of aquaculture ponds. The results show that a 36 hr aeration interval (Tc = 36 hr: 36 hr) and no aeration resulted in high concentrations of NH4+-N in the water column. Using a 12 hr interval time (Tc = 12 hr: 12 hr) resulted in higher NO2?-N and NO3?-N concentrations than any other aeration mode. Results from an 8 hr interval time (Tc = 8 hr: 8 hr) and 24 hr interval time (Tc = 24 hr: 24 hr) were comparable with those of continuous aeration, and had the benefit of being in use for only half of the time, consequently reducing energy consumption. 相似文献
790.
Richao Wang Zibing Yuan Junyu Zheng Cheng Li Zhijiong Huang Wenshi Li Yan Xie Yiran Wang Kaiyang Yu Lejun Duan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(10):138-150
Speciated characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), from construction machinery and river ships in China is currently lacking. In this regard, we conducted field measurement on speciated VOC (including OVOC) emissions from six construction machinery and five river ships in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region to identify VOC emission characteristics. We noticed that OVOC emissions from construction machinery and ships accounted for more than 50% of the total VOC emissions, followed by alkenes, aromatics and alkanes. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most emission species, accounting for 61.8%-83.2% of OVOCs. For construction machinery, the fuel-based emission factors of roller, grader and pile driver were 3.12, 3.12 and 7.36 g/kg, respectively. With the rigorous restraint by the national emission standards, VOC emissions of construction machinery had decreased considerably, especially during stage Ⅲ. Ozone formation potential was also significantly reduced due to the significant decrease in emissions of OVOCs and alkenes with higher reactivity. For river ships, the fuel-based emission factors of cargo ships and speedboat were 1.46 and 0.44 g/kg, respectively. VOC emissions from construction machinery and river ships in Guangdong Province in 2017 were 8851.0 and 4361.0 ton, respectively. This study filled the knowledge gaps of reactive gas emissions from different kinds of non-road mobile sources over the PRD, and more importantly, highlighted the necessity in adding OVOC measurement to give a complete and accurate depiction of reactive gas emissions from non-road mobile sources. 相似文献