Greenhouse gas emission and its potential mitigation process from the waste sector in a large-scale exhibition

As one of the largest human activities, World Expo is an important source of anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas emission (GHG), and the GHG emission and other environmental impacts of the Expo Shanghai 2010, where around 59,397 tons of waste was generated during 184 Expo running days, were assessed by life cycle assessment (LCA). Two scenarios, i.e., the actual and expected figures of the waste sector, were assessed and compared, and 124.01 kg CO₂-equivalent (CO₂-eq.), 4.43 kg SO₂-eq., 4.88 kg NO₃^--eq., and 3509 m³ water per ton tourist waste were found to be released in terms of global warming (GW), acidification (AC), nutrient enrichment (NE) and spoiled groundwater resources (SGWR), respectively. The total GHG emission was around 3499 ton CO₂-eq. from the waste sector in Expo Park, among which 86.47% was generated during the waste landfilling at the rate of 107.24 kg CO₂-eq., and CH₄, CO and other hydrocarbons (HC) were the main contributors. If the waste sorting process had been implemented according to the plan scenario, around 497 ton CO₂-eq. savings could have been attained. Unlike municipal solid waste, with more organic matter content, an incineration plant is more suitable for tourist waste disposal due to its high heating value, from the GHG reduction perspective.     

Progress and prospects of atmospheric environmental sciences in China: Preface

正Anthropogenic emissions impact significantly the atmospheric environment which human being relies on,e.g.,global warming,stratospheric ozone depletion,photochemical smog,acid rain,haze and so on.Although clean air actions have been legislated by many nations to mitigate pollutants’emission with the aim of protecting the atmospheric environment,     

中国大气挥发性有机物控制现状及对策研究

大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)不仅本身具有较强毒性,而且是影响中国区域复合大气污染的重要前体物和参与物。近年来,中国不断加大对VOCs的管控力度,从制定政策体系、建立监测标准等角度采取了一系列的措施。但总体来看,中国大气VOCs控制仍存在许多问题。突出地体现在:基础数据匮乏,排放状况不清;法律法规滞后,污染防治与监管体系不健全;排放标准和监测规范不完善,控制技术亟需革新。基于此,本文从完善法律法规、健全制度体系和加强标准控制等方面提出了加强VOCs管控的思路和对策建议。     

The application of bioflocculant for the removal of humic acids from stabilized landfill leachates

The evaluation of bioflocculant, in comparison with traditional inorganic coagulants, for the removal of humic acids from landfill leachates stabilized by biological treatment, was performed using conventional jar-test coagulation experiments. The optimized conditions (pH and coagulant dosage) were identified for the treatment of synthetic solutions as well as for biologically pre-treated landfill leachates. It was found that the application of bioflocculant was quite efficient in the removal of humic acids from synthetic solutions as well as in the reduction of COD content from real landfill leachates. The optimal pH value was found to be between 7 and 7.5, while a 20 mg/l bioflocculant dosage was sufficient in providing more than 85% humic acid removal. The results were comparable with those obtained by the application of conventional coagulants such as alum or polyaluminum chloride; therefore, bioflocculant can be considered as a viable alternative in the treatment of landfill leachates applying coagulation.     

东川市土地退化（荒漠化）及其防治

分析了东川市土地退化现状：土地退化以水蚀为主,退化土地面积占总土地面积38．5％。土地退化类型主要有土壤退化、土地沙石化、土地石质化和侵蚀劣地。文章还探讨了东川市土地退化的原因,提出了土地退化防治对策。     

铅职业危害及其防治

通过对某铅冶炼厂职业铅危害情况及防治现状进行调查分析,提出了防治铅中毒、铅吸收的措施。     

机械处理废弃印刷线路板

分析了废弃印刷线路板的特点，介绍了机械处理的方法，及国外机械处理废弃印刷线路板的实践和进展。     

露天煤矿的土地复垦

本文论术字露天煤矿土地复垦的现状，着重了矿区土地地复垦规划，提出了一个土地复垦规划的模型，并且对复垦方向的选择和复垦控制进行了初步的探讨。     

Potential metal-binding ability of proteins in the extracellular slime of Laccaria bicolor exposed to excessive Cu and Cd

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Ectomycorrhizal fungi can enhance the tolerance of plants to heavy metal stress by reducing the accumulation of heavy metals in the aerial parts of...     

Removal of nitrogen from wastewaters by anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) using granules in upflow reactors

Nitrogen pollution of waters has sometimes caused severe eutrophication, leading to the death of fishes and most aquatic life. There is therefore a need for efficient and cost-effective methods to remove nitrogen from ammonium-rich wastewaters. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) is a promising process to remove nitrogen because this process directly oxidizes ammonium (NH₄ ⁺) to dinitrogen gas (N₂) under anoxic condition. Nonetheless, a challenge of this process is that chemolithoautotrophic Anammox bacteria grow slowly at the beginning, thus resulting in low Anammox biomass and instability of reactors. Such issues can be overcome by granulation of the Anammox sludge. Here, we review the characteristics of the Anammox bacteria, and the formation, structure and flotation of Anammox granules under high hydraulic loadings. We also evaluate the performances of full-scale granular Anammox processes. The major points are: 1) Anammox bacteria secrete a large amount of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), up to 415 mg g^?1 of volatile suspended solids (VSS), containing many hydrophobic functional groups that facilitate biomass granulation. 2) Granulation enhances the sludge settling property and retention time, which contributes to the extremely high nitrogen removal rate of 77 kg m^?3 d^?1 of Anammox upflow reactors. 3) Flotation of Anammox granules frequently occurs under nitrogen removal rate higher than 10 kg m^?3 d^?1, which is mainly due to the overproduction of EPS under high hydraulic conditions.