鱼肉结合态MCLR的亚慢性毒性研究

为了揭示含有微囊藻毒素水产品的食用安全性,以雄性BALB/C小鼠为模式生物,通过为期13周的灌胃染毒实验,研究了鱼肉结合态MCLR对小鼠的亚慢性毒性作用,并与水溶态MCLR的毒性进行了对比.结果表明,68.75 μg/kg (以单位体重计)剂量水溶态MCLR可引起小鼠肝脏显著系数增加（P＜0.05）,ALT、AST活性增强（P＜0.01）,引起肝细胞出现有空泡状病变;而肾脏酶学指标BUN、Cr及肾脏组织病理学观察均未发现明显异常;与之相比,同剂量鱼肉结合态MCLR对小鼠各项指标的影响并不明显,仅在实验第1周出现小鼠肝脏肿大（P＜0.05）、ALT活性增强(P＜0.01).由此推断,鱼肉结合态MCLR的毒性低于水溶态MCLR.     

铜/海泡石催化氧化CO和催化还原NOx性能的研究

采用浸渍法制备铜/海泡石催化剂,考察其催化氧化CO和催化还原NOx性能以及预处理条件和掺加稀土元素对其性能的影响,并用XRD、BET技术对其进行表征.盐酸和硝酸改性的海泡石载体都能使铜/海泡石在190℃左右将CO完全转化;稀土元素的添加对铜/海泡石催化氧化CO的活性没有显著影响;铜/海泡石对NOx有一定的催化还原性能,添加稀土后对其催化还原活性有明显促进作用.     

我国华北地区湿地生态需水量研究探讨与应用实例

我国华北地区湿地通常处于缺水状态.当湿地分别为"资源型缺水"和"水质型缺水"时,目前常用的几种生态需水量估算方法的适用范围是不同的.水量平衡法是较通用的方法;而水量损失法和最低水位法主要适用于资源型缺水;物质平衡法和逐年环境改良法则主要应用于污染型缺水的情况.针对不同的情况可以选取相应的估算方法.本文应用不同估算方法,对河北保定白洋淀湿地和北京顺义杨镇湿地的生态需水量进行了估算,通过估算结果间的比较,反映出白洋淀湿地面临的污染问题更严重,而杨镇湿地更亟需解决的是资源型缺水问题,使其补偿措施更有针对性,能更好地协调人与湿地生态环境问的关系.     

粘胶基活性炭纤维用于低浓度SO2常温脱除的实验研究

活性炭纤维(ACF)是一种新型功能性炭材料.应用粘胶基活性炭纤维(cellulose-ACF)对低浓度SO2(571mg/m3)进行吸附氧化实验,通过改变活性炭纤维量、SO2浓度、氧浓度,观察cellulose-ACF脱除低浓度SO2能力的变化规律.实验结果表明,随着活性炭纤维量、氧浓度的增加,cellulose-ACF对低浓度SO2的脱除能力增强.在此基础上展望活性炭纤维在大气环保领域的应用前景.     

垃圾填埋场挥发性有机物研究

采用USEPATO-15方法对某垃圾填埋场填埋作业区、填埋场边界及周围敏感点大气中的挥发性有机物进行监测,研究垃圾填埋场挥发性有机物的成分特征和空间分布规律。     

MPSR无污泥外排系统长期运行机制分析

针对日益凸显的剩余污泥产量大、处置难的问题,实验采用微压内循环生物反应器(MPSR)在无污泥外排运行方式下处理污水.MPSR的有效容积为36L,序批式运行,运行参数为曝气量0.14m3/h,排水比50％,循环周期12h,进水温度(20±1)℃,连续运行225d.实验结果表明,MPSR具有良好的污染物去除效果,COD、T...     

油菜秸秆还田对水稻根系分布及稻谷产量的影响

根系健康是水稻正常生长及高产的前提,为明确油菜秸秆还田方式和还田量对水稻生长及产量的影响,以秸秆不还田作为对照,设置秸秆半量还田(1.5 t/hm2)、全量还田(3.0 t/hm2)、超量还田(4.5 t/hm2)3个还田量以及秸秆覆盖还田(FG)、秸秆翻埋还田(FM)两种还田方式,通过盆栽和大田试验相结合,研究秸秆处...     

Oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by potassium permanganate

The oxidation of As(Ⅲ) with potassium permanganate was studied under conditions including pH, initial As(Ⅲ) concentration and dosage of Mn(Ⅶ). The results have shown that potassium permanganate was an effective agent for oxidizing of As(Ⅲ) in a wide pH range. The pH value of tested water was not a significant factor affecting the oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by Mn(Ⅶ). Although theoretical redox analyses suggest that Mn(Ⅶ) should have better performance in oxidization of As(Ⅲ) within lower pH ranges, the experimental results show that the oxidation efficiencies of As(Ⅲ) under basic and acidic conditions were similar, which may be due to the adsorption of As(Ⅲ) on the Mn(OH)2 and MnO2 resulting from the oxidation of As(Ⅲ).     

Enzymological mechanism for the regulation of lanthanum chloride on flavonoid synthesis of soybean seedlings under enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation

In order to probe into the enzymological mechanism for the regulation of lanthanum chloride (LaCl₃) on flavonoid synthesis in plants under enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, the effects of LaCl₃ (20 and 60 mg l^?1) on the content of flavonoids as well as the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate?:?coenzyme A ligase (4CL), and chalcone synthase (CHS) in soybean seedlings under enhanced UV-B radiation (2.6 and 6.2 kJ m^?2 day^?1) were investigated. Enhanced UV-B radiation (2.6 and 6.2 kJ m^?2 day^?1) caused the increase in the content of flavonoids as well as the activities of PAL, C4H, 4CL, and CHS in soybean seedlings. The treatment of 20 mg l^?1 LaCl₃ also efficiently increased these indices, which promoted the flavonoid synthesis and provided protective effects for resisting enhanced UV-B radiation. On the contrary, the treatment of 60 mg l^?1 LaCl₃ decreased the content of flavonoids as well as the activities of C4H, 4CL, and CHS in soybean seedlings except increasing the activity of PAL, which were not beneficial to the flavonoid synthesis and provided negative effects for resisting enhanced UV-B radiation. In conclusion, enhanced UV-B radiation caused the increase in the flavonoid synthesis by promoting the activities of PAL, C4H, 4CL, and CHS in soybean seedlings. The treatment of LaCl₃ could change flavonoid synthesis in soybean seedlings under enhanced UV-B radiation by regulating the activities of PAL, C4H, 4CL, and CHS, which is an enzymological mechanism for the regulation of LaCl₃ on flavonoid synthesis in plants under enhanced UV-B radiation.     

用于有界波模拟器的紧凑型纳秒脉冲源

随着电磁武器的发展,核电磁脉冲及其工程防护技术受到各国的普遍关注。为模拟电磁脉冲环境,研制了一台紧凑型纳秒脉冲源,与有界波模拟器配合可产生的双指数波形前沿~1.6ns,脉宽42ns,幅值可达60kV。本文介绍了脉冲源的设计与调试结果。