平江县生态弹性度定量分析评价研究

根据生态弹性力的概念,体会其深刻内涵及意义,根据区域实际情况,科学合理的构建平江县生态系统弹性力评价指标体系,运用综合评价的方法计算分析平江县生态系统弹性力,结果显示从2008年至2013年间,平江县生态系统弹性力呈下降趋势,主要原因是水资源总量下降,并对之后生态系统可持续发展和经济发展提出建议.     

中国十大流域近40多年降水量时空变化特征

利用中国1956～2000年月降水量资料,按流域将全国划分为10个区域,分析了各流域年、季降水量的多年平均状况和年代际变化特征以及长期变化趋势。分析结果进一步证实,中国北方流域降水量少,年际变化大,水资源缺乏且不稳定;南方流域降水较多,年际变化较小,水资源相对充足且比较稳定。分析结果还表明,近45年来,北方外流河流域年降水量一般趋于减少,特别是20世纪90年代以来降水明显减少;南方流域以降水增加为主,90年代降水均较80年代增多,特别是长江流域以南地区更为明显。季节降水减少主要出现在夏秋季,冬春季降水有微弱增加趋势。近20年来,中国绝大多数流域降水的增减趋势与近45年长序列的变化趋势基本一致。北方大部分外流河流域年降水量减少,南方流域多为增加。夏、秋季,大部流域降水较前20年减少,冬春季则相反。中国西北诸河流域是十大流域中惟一四季降水均有增加的流域。     

Formation mechanisms of nitrous acid (HONO) during the haze and non-haze periods in Beijing, China

As an important precursor of hydroxyl radical (OH), nitrous acid (HONO) plays a significant role in atmospheric chemistry. Here, an observation of HONO and relevant air pollutants in an urban site of Beijing from 14 to 28 April, 2017 was performed. Two distinct peaks of HONO concentrations occurred during the observation. In contrast, the concentration of particulate matter in the first period (period Ⅰ) was significantly higher than that in the second period (period Ⅱ). Comparing to HONO sources in the two periods, we found that the direct vehicle emission was an essential source of the ambient HONO during both periods at night, especially in period Ⅱ. The heterogeneous reaction of NO₂ was the dominant source in period Ⅰ, while the homogeneous reaction of NO with OH was more critical source at night in period Ⅱ. In the daytime, the heterogeneous reaction of NO₂ was a significant source and was confirmed by the good correlation coefficients (R²) between the unknown sources (P_unknown) with NO₂, PM_2.5, NO₂ × PM_2.5 in period Ⅰ. Moreover, when solar radiation and OH radicals were considered to explore unknown sources in the daytime, the enhanced correlation of P_unknown with photolysis rate of NO₂ and OH ($J_{{\mathrm{NO}}_2}$ × OH) were 0.93 in period Ⅰ, 0.95 in period Ⅱ. These excellent correlation coefficients suggested that the unknown sources released HONO highly related to the solar radiation and the variation of OH radicals.     

The preparation of slow-release fertilizers with biomass ash and water/waste acid solutions from desulfurization and denitrification of flue gas

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, a method of preparing fertilizers with the fly ash from biomass power plants and the waste acid solution from flue gas desulfurization...     

Tracing the impact of stack configuration on interface resistances in reverse electrodialysis by in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• RED performance and stack resistance were studied by EIS and LSV. • Interface resistance were discriminated from Ohmic resistance by EIS. • Impacts of spacer shadow effect and concentration polarization were analyzed. • Ionic short current reduced the power density for more cell pairs. • The results enabled to predict RED performance with different configurations. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an emerging membrane-based technology for the production of renewable energy from mixing waters with different salinities. Herein, the impact of the stack configuration on the Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances as well as the performance of RED were systematically studied by using in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Three different parameters (membrane type, number of cell pairs and spacer design) were controlled. The Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances were evaluated for RED stacks equipped with two types of commercial membranes (Type I and Type II) supplied by Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V: Type I Fuji membranes displayed higher Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances than Type II membranes, which was mainly attributed to the difference in fixed charge density. The output power of the stack was observed to decrease with the increasing number of cell pairs mainly due to the increase in ionic shortcut currents. With the reduction in spacer thickness from 750 to 200 µm, the permselectivity of membranes in the stack decreased from 0.86 to 0.79 whereas the energy efficiency losses increased from 31% to 49%. Overall, the output of the present study provides a basis for understanding the impact of stack design on internal losses during the scaling-up of RED.     

Inter-provincial responsibility allocation of carbon emission in China to coordinate regional development

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To establish the carbon emission trading scheme and achieve the carbon emission reduction goals in China, it is critical to allocate the carbon...     

Bioremediation of tetramethyl thiuram disulfide and resource utilization of natural rubber wastewater by WR-2 Bacillus-dominated microbial community

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD), an emerging pollutant with ecotoxicity and accumulation in rubber wastewater, is directly discharged by...     

Assessing the impact of mechanism of green public consumption policy on environmental equity: evidence from China

Environment, Development and Sustainability - This study investigates the impact of the mechanism of green public consumption policy on environmental equity and provides a feasible reference for...     

Does foreign private investment affect the clean industrial environment? Nexus among foreign private investment,CO2 emissions,energy consumption,trade openness,and sustainable economic growth

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study examines to what extent foreign private investment (FPI) affects the clean industrial environment and sustainable economic growth through...     

椅式桩板结构地震响应分析与简化计算方法研究

椅式桩板结构在高陡边坡路基工程中应用广泛,研究其高烈度地震下的响应特征对抗震分析具有重要意义.以拟建川藏铁路某斜坡椅式桩板结构路基支挡工程为背景,建立有限差分三维数值计算模型,研究了结构的静、动力学响应特性,分析了结构最不利状态响应物理量的取值方法,探讨了结构传力分担机制及重要受力部位,提出了结构地震响应简化计算方法....