固体废物管理技术进展

概述了固体废物管理技术近年来的主要进展,这些进展包括,固体废物从“摇蓝到坟墓”的全过程管理,即从废物产生到收集、运输贮存,再循环,再利用,处理直至最终处理过程所涉及到的：废物最小量化管理技术;废物转移跟踪管理中产生者,运输者,处理处理者,主管当局的职责、主管当局的职责,义务和管理方式;废物经营者向主管当局申请许可证的程序和申请。时,对废物交换制度和废物管理信息系统也作了概要介绍。     

Spatial and seasonal variations of elemental and ion components in air particulate matters in three mega-cities in China

Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region is one of the most important political, economic and cultural centers of China. The rapid development of economy in last decades has caused severe air pollution problems, which has resulted in considerable harm to local ecological environment and human health. In this study, total 671 air samples were collected from Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang (the capital city in Hebei province), one reference site and four background sites in four seasons. Particulate matters (PMs) with different sizes, elements and dissolvable ions in PMs were analyzed. Pollutant concentrations, characteristics and seasonal variations were discussed in order to describe the pollution status and the possible sources in this region. Enriched factors of K, Ca, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb were all higher than 10. Concentrations of dissolvable ions were in the order of NO₃^–, SO₄^2–>NH₄⁺>Cl^–>Ca²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺>Mg²⁺, F^–. NO₃^–, SO₄^2–, NH₄⁺, Cl^– were the most important ion pollutants in the three cities which accounted for 90.3–92.3% of total 9 ion concentrations. Ion concentrations in the PMs were in the order of PM₁>PM_1–2.5>PM_2.5–10>PM₁₀>TSP. More than 50% of the dissolvable ions exist in PM1 and the percentage increases to 73.9–94.8% in PM_2.5. Human activities should be the main sources of the metallic pollutants, among which coal combustion was identified as the primary one.     

Health risk assessment of groundwater nitrate contamination: a case study of a typical karst hydrogeological unit in East China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrate pollution in rivers, lakes, shallow groundwater, and even deep groundwater occurs in many parts of the world. And, it’s essential to...     

浸水条件下环氧微表处与沥青路面层间抗剪性能的试验研究∗

微表处在工程应用过程中受水与车辆荷载作用,容易产生推移或整片剥落。为此,在微表处中添加适量不同种类的水性环氧树脂(Water-borne Epoxy Resin,WER)形成环氧微表处,通过拉伸试验和自主设计的45°斜剪试验,研究WER对环氧微表处在浸水条件下层间抗剪性能的影响。试验结果表明:胶结料在掺入刚性较大的WER后,随浸水时间增加,胶结料塑性变形能力削弱,弹塑性阶段与塑性阶段减短,脆性增加,而掺加柔性的WER,塑性阶段持续时间较长;浸水状态下,环氧微表处与沥青路面的层间抗剪强度影响因素主次顺序为油石比WER掺量WER掺加方式,而切向变形率的影响因素主次顺序为WER掺量WER掺加方式油石比。在工程应用中,建议采用油石比7%、WER掺量8%～12%且将环氧树脂与固化剂预先调和后加入水中,然后与集料进行拌合。     

国外节水扫描

<正>水是地球生命的源泉。由于世界人口飞速膨胀,地球上的淡水资源日益紧缺。在环境污染严重和淡水资源紧缺的今天,让我们来看看世界其他国家在环保和节水方法上有哪些值得我们学习的好经验。     

叙事安全教育材料的初步编制与信效度检验

编制了叙事安全教育的培训材料,并检验了其信效度。培训材料通过双因素被试间设计实验,验证了不同说服方式因素与多媒体类型因素在叙事传输感、情感卷入、临场感、情绪和认知负荷方面的效果差异。可以认为该培训材料能够对被试形成显著差异,其能应用于后续正式研究。     

Spatial analysis of the driving factors of grassland degradation under conditions of climate change and intensive use in Inner Mongolia, China

In recent years, steppe degradation in North China has become a serious environmental problem. Most research on steppe degradation is conducted at the level of communities or at the scale of small regions. To better understand the spatio-temporal variation and driving factors of grassland degradation, monitoring and analysis at broad regional scales are needed. This paper systematically describes the state and characteristics of steppe degradation at the Xilinhot plateau, makes an in-depth empirical analysis of the natural and man-made causes leading to degradation, and analyzes what driving factors have influenced degradation in this typical steppe region over the last 20?years. Ten biophysical and socio-economic variables, including altitude, slope, precipitation, temperature, soil conditions, distance to river, distance to highway, population density, sheep unit density, and fencing policy, were evaluated on their impact on observed patterns of degradation. The results indicate that all of these factors had a significant influence on the process of steppe degradation. During the first 10?years, from 1991 to 2000, steppe degradation increased, but after 2000, the degradation trend has, to some extent, reversed. The analysis indicates that the measures taken by the government, such as fencing vulnerable areas, played an important role in this change. The results advance the understanding of grassland degradation and contribute to constructing an empirical and theoretical base for grassland management and planning.     

Effective and selective separation of perrhenate from acidic wastewater by super-stable,superhydrophobic, and recyclable biosorbent

• A ZnO-biochar hybrid composite was prepared by solvothermal-pyrolysis synthesis. • The superhydrophobic composite is suitable for selective recovery of Re(VII). • The adsorption mechanism is elucidated by experiments and material characterization. The recovery of scattered metal ions such as perrhenate (Re(VII)) from industrial effluents has enormous economic benefits and promotes resource reuse. Nanoscale-metal/biochar hybrid biosorbents are attractive for recovery but are limited by their insufficient stability and low selectivity in harsh environments. Herein, a superstable biochar-based biosorbent composed of ZnO nanoparticles with remarkable superhydrophobic features is fabricated, and its adsorption/desorption capabilities toward Re(VII) in strongly acidic aqueous solutions are investigated. The ZnO nanoparticle/biochar hybrid composite (ZBC) exhibits strong acid resistance and high chemical stability, which are attributable to strong C-O-Zn interactions between the biochar and ZnO nanoparticles. Due to the advantages of its hydrolytic stability, superhydrophobicity, and abundance of Zn-O sites, the ZBC proves suitable for the effective and selective separation of Re(VII) from single, binary and multiple ion systems (pH= 1), with a maximum sorption capacity of 29.41 mg/g. More importantly, this material also shows good recyclability and reusability, with high adsorption efficiency after six adsorption-desorption cycles. The findings in this work demonstrate that a metal/biochar hybrid composite is a promising sorbent for Re(VII) separation.     

Multiscale analysis of factors affecting food security in China, 1980–2017

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Food security is an important issue affecting people’s lives and social stability. Clarifying levels of food security and the factors affecting...     

Improvement of water resistance by Fe2O3/TiO2 photoelectrocatalysts for formaldehyde removal: experimental and theoretical investigation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - TiO2-based photocatalysts are a potential technology for removing indoor formaldehyde (CHOH) owing to their strong photooxidation ability. However,...