海峡西岸沿海地区经济发展与环境保护协调性研究

随着国家"一带一路"战略的深入,海峡西岸沿海地区进入新一轮快速发展阶段."工业补课"为主要模式的工业发展带动下,海西地区二产长期占主导地位,且呈现出明显的工业重型化特征.石化、火电等产业为主的沿海产业带初具规模,资源推动型、投资拉动型经济发展特征明显,导致生态用地占用、资源环境超载等环境问题凸显.建议海西地区快速发展中,首先确定、维护好区域及城市的生态环境功能定位,以此作为促进经济社会与环境保护协调发展的基础.     

非点源污染河流水环境容量的不确定性分析

基于河流一维水环境容量计算模型和实测水文水质参数的统计分析,应用MonteCarlo模拟方法,分析模型各输入参数的灵敏度以及水环境容量值的概率分布,建立了非点源污染河流水环境容量的分期不确定性分析方法.本方法表达了由于获取的河流系统信息不确定性和非点源污染发生的随机性引起的水环境容量计算结果不确定性,给出了不同水文期在不同可信度下的河流水环境容量,为实现非点源污染的总量控制提供了可靠的基础.应用本方法,对长乐江的总氮水环境容量进行了不确定性分析.结果表明,根据水质控制目标,枯水期、平水期、丰水期中90%可信度的总氮水环境容量分别为487.9、949.8、1392.8kg·d-1,其中稀释容量是各水文期水环境容量的主要组成部分.据此,各水文期流域内的总氮现状入河量需削减1258.3～3591.2kg·d-1,丰水期是削减量最大的时期.不确定性分析方法计算得到的水环境容量是基于非点源污染河流水文水质状况的实际变化,这相对于按某一设计流量来确定水环境容量的常规方法更为科学、合理,拓展了水环境容量的研究思路和方法.     

上海市电子废物处理企业的环境管理实践

电子产品和家用电器的更新换代使得废弃电子电器成为城市新的污染源,危害着城市环境和人体健康。本文介绍了电子废弃物的定义、环境危害、回收利用价值及增长趋势,重点阐述了上海市废旧家电拆解企业的现状,并针对企业具体情况提出相应的管理对策。依法加强电子废物的环境管理,对促进循环经济的发展具有重要意义。     

嘉兴市环境库兹涅茨曲线特征分析

环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)暗含了对经济增长和环境之间的发展战略。运用EKC理论模型,对嘉兴市工业"三废"排放量与人均GDP之间关系进行分析,发现工业废水、工业废气、工业固体废弃物排放量与人均GDP之间的关系分别为N型、倒U型左侧上升阶段、倒U型左侧接近拐点,表明嘉兴市经济增长还处在加重环境负担的阶段,还未实现环境与经济的协调发展。引起工业废水、工业废气排放量居高不下的原因分别是嘉兴市产业结构特点和能源结构特点。建议优化产业结构,调整能源结构,推进循环经济发展,争取早日跨越环境库兹涅茨曲线拐点,实现环境经济的协调发展。     

Thermal-behavior study of chlorine released from composite refuse derived fuel

In order to reduce secondary pollution during the incineration of composite refuse derived fuel (CRDF), the combustion features and the emission behavior of chlorine in CRDF containing coal were analyzed. The former was analyzed using thermo-gravimetric and the latter by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The release rate of inorganic chlorine during combustion reached 90 mass% at temperature between 773.15 and 873.15 K. On the other hand, approximately 84 mass% release rates was resulting from pyrolysis at 723.15 K. When temperature reached above 1073.15 K, it was noticed that higher concentration of organic chlorine in different organic compounds were produced in the processing of pyrolysis compared with those released from the combustion processing. From the thermo-gravimetric analysis using a self-designed system, three distinct phases were detected in the thermal process of CRDF. The first phase occurred at temperature between 473 and 573 K and its mass loss was about 38.50%. The second phase between temperature regions of 673–773 K with a mass loss of 20.35%. The third phase was observed at the temperature between 873 and 1073 K with 22.25% mass loss.     

Application of response surface methodology to the advanced treatment of biologically stabilized landfill leachate using Fenton’s reagent

A Fenton process that uses FeCl₂ as the alternative catalyst was employed to deal with the biologically treated landfill leachate. Data obtained revealed that this Fenton process can provide an equivalent pollutant removal as the Fenton process that uses FeSO₄ as catalyst. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate and optimize the four key factors, namely initial pH, Fe(II) dosage ([Fe²⁺]), H₂O₂/Fe(II) mole ratio ([H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺] ratio) and reaction time, which affect the performance of the Fenton treatment. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color were selected as response variables. This approach provided statistically significant quadratic models, which were adequate to predict responses and to carry out optimization under the conditions studied. It was demonstrated that the interaction between initial pH and [H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺] ratio has a significant effect on the COD removal, while the interaction between [H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺] ratio and reaction time shows a large impact on color removal. The optimal conditions were found to be initial pH 5.9, [Fe²⁺] = 9.60 mmol/L, [H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺] ratio = 2.38, reaction time = 5.52 h. Under this optimal scheme, the COD and color in the effluent were reduced to 159 mg/L and 25°, respectively, with an increase of BOD₅/COD ratio from 0.05 to 0.21.     

高性能纤维在软质防弹服材料中的应用

高性能纤维具有优异的理化性能,在个体防护领域有着广泛的应用。本文介绍了高性能纤维在软质防弹服领域的应用与发展,分析了其优点与缺点,并讨论了软质防弹服发展方向。     

Industrial eco-efficiency and its spatial-temporal differentiation in China

The aim of this paper is to study the spatialtemporal differentiation of industrial eco-efficiency in China. Using methods based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and data from 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2008 of 30 provinces in China, the spatial-temporal pattern changes in industrial eco-efficiency are discussed. The results show that: first, the patterns of industrial eco-efficiency are dominated by clustering of relatively low efficiency provinces; second, spatial relationships between the industrial eco-efficiencies of different provinces changed slightly throughout the period and the provinces persistently exhibit spatial concentration of relatively low industrial eco-efficiency; finally, there is an obvious trend in the polarization of industrial eco-efficiency, i.e., the higher level spatial units are concentrated in eastern China, and the lower level spatial units are mainly in western and central China.     

Effects of tetrahydrofuran on dissolved oxygen,pH, culturable aerobic microbes and enzyme activity in wastewater

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is easy to volatilize and hard to biodegrade. Little is known about the influence and fate of tetrahydrofuran in the environment. The effects of THF were examined on dissolved oxygen, pH, culturable aerobic microbes (bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi) and four selected enzymes (protease, phosphatase, amylase, and lipase) in wastewater. The wastewater containing some activated sludge was taken from the aeration basin in Sibao sewage plant in Hangzhou, China. THF at lower concentrations of enhanced aerobic respiration and higher concentrations decreased utilization of oxygen in wastewater. The short-term influence of THF on pH was not obvious, but the long-term effect was apparent. Inhibition of THF on culturable aerobic microbes rose with increasing THF concentrations but decreased with prolongation of incubation time. No effect of THF on the activity of protease, phosphatase, amylase, and lipase was found. Data indicate that lower concentrations of THF exert no marked influence on wastewater in an urban sewage plant.     

One-pot molten salt method for constructing CdS/C3N4 nanojunctions with highly enhanced photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction

The construction of heterojunction photocatalysts for efficiently utilizing solar energy has attracted considerable attention to solve the energy crisis and reduce environmental pollution. In this study, we use the energy released from an easily-occurred exothermic chemical reaction to serve as the drive force to trigger the formation of Cd S and C₃N₄ nanocomposites which are successfully fabricated with cadmium nitrate and thiourea without addition of any solvents and prot...