Boosting freshwater fish conservation with high-resolution distribution mapping across a large territory

The lack of high-resolution distribution maps for freshwater species across large extents fundamentally challenges biodiversity conservation worldwide. We devised a simple framework to delineate the distributions of freshwater fishes in a high-resolution drainage map based on stacked species distribution models and expert information. We applied this framework to the entire Chinese freshwater fish fauna (>1600 species) to examine high-resolution biodiversity patterns and reveal potential conflicts between freshwater biodiversity and anthropogenic disturbances. The correlations between spatial patterns of biodiversity facets (species richness, endemicity, and phylogenetic diversity) were all significant (r = 0.43–0.98, p < 0.001). Areas with high values of different biodiversity facets overlapped with anthropogenic disturbances. Existing protected areas (PAs), covering 22% of China's territory, protected 25–29% of fish habitats, 16–23% of species, and 30–31% of priority conservation areas. Moreover, 6–21% of the species were completely unprotected. These results suggest the need for extending the network of PAs to ensure the conservation of China's freshwater fishes and the goods and services they provide. Specifically, middle to low reaches of large rivers and their associated lakes from northeast to southwest China hosted the most diverse species assemblages and thus should be the target of future expansions of the network of PAs. More generally, our framework, which can be used to draw high-resolution freshwater biodiversity maps combining species occurrence data and expert knowledge on species distribution, provides an efficient way to design PAs regardless of the ecosystem, taxonomic group, or region considered.     

中小城市生活垃圾处理方法研讨

根据对城市生活垃圾不同的处理方法,并结合城市生活垃圾的成分,提出了中小城市应按其实际情况采用适宣本地的生活垃圾无害化处理的相应方法。     

Evaluation of combined developmental neurological toxicity of di (n-butyl) phthalates and lead using immature mice

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the immature mice were taken to assess the potential neurological toxicity of lead (Pb) and di (n-butyl) phthalates (DBP) combination...     

好氧触媒在造纸法再造烟叶污水处理中的应用分析

本文围绕好氧触媒在造纸法再造烟叶污水处理中的应用展开分析。如对好氧触媒在再造烟叶污水处理中的应用必要性及好氧触媒作用原理予以介绍,并对好氧触媒在造纸法再造烟叶污水处理中应用展开试验。     

访国家环保总局局长解振华:坚持改革创新努力健全环保长效机制

明朗的九月,迎来了《环境保护》杂志的全新改版。秉承着“为中国环境保护事业服务”这一办刊方针,我们以彰显政策权威性作为改刊宗旨。在改版的开篇,有幸邀请到国家环境保护总局解振华局长做客“访谈录”,与我们共同探讨走过30多年历程的环保事业的今天和明天。在采访解局长的过程中,我能切身感受到他对中国环境现状的忧虑和操劳,也能深刻体会出他对环保事业美好未来的执著和坚定。遗憾的是,面对中国环保这个庞大而艰深的话题,繁忙的解局长能给我们的时间实在太少。在匆匆结束了此次访谈之后,我将精彩的谈话内容记录于此,与您共享。     

浅谈钢制氮封储罐泄漏防治措施

从消除储罐泄漏点、加强日常管理方面阐述了如何做好氮封储罐泄漏治理与预防,并对加强储罐泄漏防治提出建议。     

双酚B对斑马鱼性别分化的影响及作用机制

双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)是一种典型的内分泌干扰物,双酚B(bisphenol B,BPA)作为其替代物,使用量逐渐增多.一些研究表明,BPB也具有内分泌干扰效应,但是其对鱼类性别分化的影响尚无报道.本文将斑马鱼胚胎暴露于不同浓度的BPB中至受精后60 d(days post fertilization,dpf),研究BPB对斑马鱼性别分化的影响及可能的分子机制.结果表明,10、100和1000μg·L-1的BPB暴露导致斑马鱼性别比例向雌鱼偏离,雄鱼的精巢中发育出初级卵母细胞,并导致斑马鱼体内17β-雌二醇(17β-estradiol,E2)水平升高,睾酮(testosterone,T)水平降低,表明BPB对斑马鱼具有雌激素效应.从基因水平探讨这2种物质导致斑马鱼雌性化的原因,发现BPB使卵巢分化相关基因foxl2的表达水平上升,精巢分化相关基因dmrt1、amh和sox9a表达水平降低,并进一步提高了芳香化酶基因cyp19a1a的转录水平,促进E2的合成,导致斑马鱼的性别分化过程发生异常.     

冶炼企业周边农田土壤的多环芳烃污染及其细菌群落效应

多环芳烃是一类持久性有机污染物,进入土壤后可能产生多方面生态效应。为研究多环芳烃对土壤微生物的影响,选取南京某冶炼企业周边农田样品,在分析污染物含量基础上,采用高通量测序、定量PCR等方法综合评价了土壤细菌多样性和组成以及多环芳烃降解细菌丰度等特征。17个土壤样品中,多环芳烃总量为0.25~31.08 mg·kg-1,并具有随污染源距离增加而降低的空间分布特征。与土壤理化性质如p H相比较,多环芳烃污染对土壤细菌的总体多样性和群落组成影响不显著。进一步分析发现多环芳烃与潜在降解微生物的相对丰度和降解功能基因(芳香环羟基化双加氧酶,PAH-RHDα)拷贝数显著正相关。污染较重样品的克隆、测序分析表明,土壤中PAH-RHDα基因主要属于革兰氏阳性细菌nid A3/fad A1类群,且与分支杆菌相关序列较为接近。这些结果综合评价了冶炼企业周边农田土壤多环芳烃污染对微生物群落的影响,提示土壤污染在多环芳烃潜在降解细菌中的富集作用,将为后续污染土壤生物修复提供重要科学依据。     

The origin of high hydrocarbon groundwater in shallow Triassic aquifer in Northwest Guizhou,China

Original high hydrocarbon groundwater represents a kind of groundwater in which hydrocarbon concentration exceeds 0.05 mg/L. The original high hydrocarbon will significantly reduce the environment capacity of hydrocarbon and lead environmental problems. For the past 5 years, we have carried out for a long-term monitoring of groundwater in shallow Triassic aquifer in Northwest Guizhou, China. We found the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon was always above 0.05 mg/L. The low-level anthropogenic contamination cannot produce high hydrocarbon groundwater in the area. By using hydrocarbon potential, geochemistry and biomarker characteristic in rocks and shallow groundwater, we carried out a comprehensive study in Dalongjing (DLJ) groundwater system to determine the hydrocarbon source. We found a simplex hydrogeology setting, high-level water–rock–hydrocarbon interaction and obviously original hydrocarbon groundwater in DLJ system. The concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon in shallow aquifer was found to increase with the strong water–rock interaction. Higher hydrocarbon potential was found in the upper of Guanling formation (T₂g³) and upper of Yongningzhen formation (T₁yn⁴). Heavily saturated carbon was observed from shallow groundwater, which presented similar distribution to those from rocks, especially from the deeper groundwater. These results indicated that the high concentrations of original hydrocarbon in groundwater could be due to the hydrocarbon release from corrosion and extraction out of strata over time.