航天器动力学环境试验标准体系研究

文中主要论述了我国标准体系框架和分类及军用标准体系,研究了航天器环境工程标准体系及航天器动力学环境标准的发展及其与国外标准体系的关系,探讨了航天器动力学环境试验验证系统及验证标准的发展及作用,阐述了航天器力学环境试验标准与国外同行业的差距及发展方向。     

吡啶在紫外光辐射下的生物降解

吡啶是一种难降解的含氮杂环化合物,难以用单一的生物方法使其有效降解.本研究采用气升式内循环紫外光辐射与生物膜一体化反应器,通过单独紫外辐射降解(photolysis,P)、单独生物降解(biodegradation,B)以及紫外辐射与生物同步耦合降解(photobiodegradation,P&B)3种方法对吡啶进行间歇降解和连续降解,以比较吡啶的降解规律.结果表明,间歇降解过程中,方法 P&B对吡啶的降解速率最快,其次是方法 B,而方法 P的速率最慢.初始浓度为100 mg.L-1的吡啶溶液分别采用方法 P、B和P&B进行间歇降解,其去除速率分别是:4.95、10.2和14.58 mg.(L.h)-1.根据Monod模型求解出吡啶在方法 B和方法 P&B降解下的动力学方程,其饱和常数KS从1 920.4 mg.L-1下降至1 094.1 mg.L-1.采用连续流方式对进水浓度分别为50、100和300 mg.L-1的吡啶溶液分别采用方法 P、B和P&B进行降解,其单位体积平均体积去除速率分别是:15.8(P)、23.1(B)和24.9 mg.(L.h)-1(P&B),且高于间歇降解方法.研究结果表明,紫外辐射与生物膜同步耦合,可以缓解吡啶对生物膜的抑制,并且生物仍能保持其降解吡啶的生物活性,从而提高吡啶生物降解的速率.     

哈尔滨市环保产业发展分析与研究

环保产业是一个跨产业、跨领域、跨地域,与其他经济部门相互交叉、相互渗透的综合性的战略性新兴产业,哈尔滨市作为黑龙江省省会,环保产业已经进入快速发展阶段,逐渐成为支撑产业经济效益增长的重要力量之一。为全面推进哈尔滨市环保产业的发展,为哈尔滨市的发展战略提供优质的产业资源,对哈尔滨市环保产业发展状况进行了阐述,认真分析了产业发展的优势、劣势,研究发展趋势和发展对策,并提出了未来哈尔滨市在环保技术、装备和产品方面的重点发展方向。     

Microcystin-LR biodegradation by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

A promising bacterial strain for biodegrading microcystin-LR (MC-LR) as the sole carbon and nitrogen source was successfully isolated from Lake Dianchi, China. The strain was identified as Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05, which was the first isolated MCs-biodegrading Sphingopyxis sp. in China. The average biodegradation rate of MC-LR by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 was 28.8 mg·L⁻¹ per day, which was apparently higher than those of other bacteria reported so far. The optimal temperature and pH for both strain USTB-05 growth and MC-LR biodegradation were 30°C and 7.0, respectively. The release of MC-LR from the cyanobacterial cells collected from Lake Guishui and the biodegradation of MC-LR by both strain and cell-free extract (CE) were investigated. The results indicated that MC-LR with the initial concentration of 4.0 mg·L⁻¹ in water was biodegraded by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 within 4 d, while MC-LR with the initial concentration of 28.8 mg·L⁻¹ could be completely removed in 3 h by CE of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 containing 350 mg·L⁻¹ protein. During enzymatic biodegradation of MC-LR, two intermediate metabolites and a dead-end product were observed on an HPLC chromatogram. Moreover, the similar scanning profiles of MC-LR and its metabolic products indicate that the Adda side-chain of MC-LR was kept intact in all products.     

合肥台短水准异常与周边地震活动分析

以合肥台跨郯庐断裂短水准数据为基础,结合华东地区中强震及安徽地区小震释放能量分析了历史测量资料在地震期间的变化,研究了辅助资料对测量资料的影响,得出:(1)降水虽可能造成敏感地块的断层形变异常,但在区域应力作用断层到一定强度时断层形变异常仍具有一定的前兆意义.(2)华东地区中强地震、安徽地区小震(群)与合肥台断层形变存...     

高速公路环境影响评价与对策分析

高速公路建设带来了经济的发展和繁荣,同时也在一定程度上加剧了环境和人类之间的矛盾,也给国民经济的可持续发展带了巨大的负面影响。本文结合高速公路特点,就高速公路全过程对沿线环境产生的影响进行了分析,针对污染形成的一般规律结合高速公路设计、施工、运营的不同特点给出了相应的保护对策。     

快速、同时测定海洋沉积物中21种有机氯农药和7种多氯联苯

建立了一种ASE同时提取,SPE净化,气相色谱法(GC-ECD)同时测定海洋沉积物中21种OCPs和7种PCBs的快速分析方法.结果表明:利用SPE Florisil小柱可快速从提取液中分离28种OCPs和PCBs.对含杂质较少的沉积物样品仅需4 mL C6H14和7 mL C6H14/CH2Cl2(V/V 1:1)淋...     

相转移法环氧氯丙烷装置蒸馏釜燃爆事故分析

针对相转移法环氧氯丙烷装置蒸馏釜燃爆事故,采用故障树分析方法,以蒸馏釜燃爆作为顶上事件进行分析。在进行故障树最小割集分析与基本事件重要度分析的基础上,根据3种不同燃爆事故类型分别提出了相应的蒸馏釜燃爆事故预防措施。     

含溴黄浦江水消毒过程中溴代三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的生成特性

通过水厂出水DBPs调查和氯化培养实验探讨了黄浦江水中溴离子（Br-）在消毒过程中的迁移及对含溴副产物（溴代三卤甲烷和卤乙酸）生成的影响.结果表明,采用氯胺消毒的水厂出水中约10%的Br-迁移至Br-THMs和Br-HAAs.氯化培养时,在余氯充足的前提下增加Br-浓度,总有机溴（TOBr）和含溴副产物均增加.延长氯化...     

Removal of phosphorus and sulfur from yellow phosphorus off-gas by metal-modified activated carbon

In order to provide comprehensive utilization of high concentration CO for mono-carbon (C1) chemical industry, the purification of yellow phosphorus off-gas is of great concern. In this research, activated carbon (AC) modified by different impregnants were used for removal of PH₃, H₂S, SO₂, COS, and CS₂ in yellow phosphorus off-gas. For the removal of PH₃, AC impregnated with 0.10 mol L⁻¹ CuAc₂ was proved to be the best adsorbent. And removal efficiency of H₂S could be significantly enhanced by AC impregnated with 7% Na₂CO₃. The results of plant experiments suggested that the total concentration of the impurities in yellow phosphorus off-gas was less than 1 mg Nm⁻³ after purification operation. The metal-modified activated carbon (MMAC) was systematically characterized in terms of XPS, TGA, and DTA. The adsorption reaction mechanism was also investigated. As a result, the yellow phosphorus off-gas purified in this study can be used as a raw material gas in the C1 chemical industry.