河南固始县农村水源污染及保护

水是万物之源,是人类生活和生产活动不可缺少的物质。良好的水环境是实现农村“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁”的重要保障。农村水源污染不断增加,已成为社会主义新农村建设的重要障碍。保护农村水源,改善农村水环境已刻不容缓。本文分析了农村水源污染的成因,提出了切实的农村水源保护对策,对新农村建设中水资源的合理开发利用和保护具有十分重要的意义。     

排污权交易信息化研究

本文结合排污权试点地区排污权交易实际业务,研究阐述排污权交易信息化工作的总体框架,对排污权交易试点阶段的信息化工作探索具有重要的意义。     

Carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-product formation in the surface and ground water treatment plants using Yellow River as water source

This work investigated the formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-products (C-DBPs, N-DBPs) upon chlorination of water samples collected from a surface water and a ground water treatment plant (SWTP and GWTP) where the conventional treatment processes, i.e., coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration were employed. Twenty DBPs, including four trihalomethanes, nine haloacetic acids, seven N-DBPs (dichloroacetamide, trichloroacetamide, dichloroacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, bromochloroacetonitrile, dibromoacetonitrile and trichloronitromethane), and eight volatile chlorinated compounds (dichloromethane (DCM), 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene) were detected in the two WTPs. The concentrations of these contaminants were all below their corresponding maximum contamination levels (MCLs) regulated by the Standards for Drinking Water Quality of China (GB5749-2006) except for DCM (17.1 μg/L detected vs. 20 μg/L MCL). The SWTP had much higher concentrations of DBPs detected in the treated water as well as the DBP formation potentials tested in the filtered water than the GWTP, probably because more precursors (e.g., dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen) were present in the water source of the SWTP.     

中国危险废物集中处置设施建设现状、问题和对策

综合性危险废物集中处置设施的建设是实现危险废物安全处置和环境安全目标最根本的保障。本文对《全国危险废物和医疗废物处置设施建设规划》确定的建设项目目前的建设进展进行了全面分析,指出项目建设和运营中存在着布局、工艺技术、废物收集难、运营企业自身能力有待提高以及研发和产业化支撑能力差等五个方面的问题,反思中国过去五年时间里在危险废物和医疗废物处置和管理上取得的经验和教训,提出进一步推进项目建设和“十二五”期间加强危险废物和医疗废物管理的若干建议。     

Biogenic silica in intertidal marsh plants and associated sediments of the Yangtze Estuary

Biogenic silica (BSi) contents in the marsh plants (Phragmites australis, Scirpus mariqueter and Spartina alterniflora) and associated sediments in Chongming Island eastern intertidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary were determined. The BSi contents in P. australis, S. mariqueter and S. alterniflora varied from 25.78-42.74 mg/g, 5.71-19.53 mg/g and 6.71-8.92 mg/g, respectively. Over the entire growth season, P. australis and S. mariqueter were characterized by linear accumulation patterns of BSi. The abovegroun...     

Photodegradation of new herbicide HW-02 in organic solvents

HW-02 is a new organophosphates herbicide which is discovered and developed in China. The kinetics and mechanism of HW- 02 photodegradation in the organic solvents were studied at 25°C under the irradiation of ultraviolet light. The results showed that photochemical reaction of HW-02 in organic solvents such as n-hexane, methanol, dimethyl benzene and acetone under UV light could be well described by the first kinetic equation, and the photodegradation efficiency decreased with a order of n-hexane methanol xylene acetone. The photodegradation efficiency constant of HW-02 in n-hexane, methanol, xylene and acetone were 4.951 × 10 2 , 3.253 × 10 2 , 2.377 × 10 2 and 1.628 × 10 2 min 1 , and the corresponding half-lives were 13.99, 21.20, 29.15 and 42.56 min, respectively. By separation and identification of photoproducts using GC-MS, it could be concluded that HW-02 was photolyzed through ester cleavage, photo-dechlorination and photoisomerization of the molecule itself.     

固定化微生物-曝气生物滤池（IBAF）技术用于微污染水处理的实验研究

以温榆河微污染水为研究对象,采用人工草生物载体固定微生物,并在曝气生物滤池反应系统中对其进行处理。河流微污染水中N、P营养缺乏,有机物浓度较低,而且水质变化较大。在水力停留时间为10 h、8h、6.3 h、4.7 h时,此工艺对此河水的处理效果有较大的差异,说明水力停留时间的不同对污染物去除率的影响较大。     

由汶川抗震诗歌大潮看中国古代地震诗歌

2008年"5·12"汶川大地震后,我国出现了前所未有的诗歌大潮,以此为契机,向我国古代诗歌纵深领域延伸,对我国古代地震诗歌进行初步探析。本文通过梳理我国各个文学时期的地震诗歌代表作,归纳出古代地震诗歌在内容上的共同特点:即,宏观描写地震景况和关注个体生命并存;将地震灾害与当朝政治密切联系并以此警示、改良政治;能够意识到人自身抗击灾害的力量并表现出可贵的乐观和自信。     

中国居民碘营养状况分析及对策探讨

中国是世界上碘缺乏病流行最为广泛的国家之一,但是,我国居民的平均碘营养状况属于正常范围,只是由于地理地质条件和生活水平的差异,造成居民碘营养状况极为均匀,有些地区严重缺碘,而有些地区碘营养已经过量,个别地区学相当严重因此,对于中国这样一个人口众多,幅员辽阔的国家,应针对具体情况,对缺磺地区进行补碘,最后中与国家的扶贫下策相结合,进行分类指导,提倡科学补碘。     

土壤中乐果与微生物的相互作用研究

采用室内模拟实验,研究了土壤中乐果与微生物的相互作用.结果表明:(1)50、500、5 000 mg·kg-1的乐果在灭菌土中的降解速度十分缓慢,加药后15d,50 mg·kg-1的降解率为69.3%,500 mg·kg-1的降解率为26.7%,5 000 mg·kg-1的降解率为19.6%.在施过乐果的土壤中的降解速度非常迅速,加药后15d,50 mg·kg-1的降解率为99.7%,500 mg·kg-1的降解率为78.4%,5 000 mg·kg-1的降解率为54.6%.在未施过乐果的土壤中的降解速度则介于二者之间.说明微生物在乐果的降解中起着非常重要的作用,同时,施药可以诱发乐果降解菌的生成从而加速乐果的降解.(2)在各处理的土壤中,50 mg·k-1的乐果对细菌数星有一定的刺激作用,500、5 000 mg·kg-1的乐果抑制细菌的生长.且随质量浓度的升高,抑制作用增强.但随加药时间的延长,又有所恢复.3种不同质量浓度的乐果对土壤真菌和放线菌种群数量的影响均表现为明显的抑制作用,且随药剂质量浓度的提高和加药时间的延长抑制趋势越明显.因此,可以选择真菌和放线菌作为土壤受乐果污染的敏感指示菌.(3)在同样处理条件下,施过乐果土壤中的微生物种群数量并不比未施过乐果土壤中的占优势,表明乐果在施过药的土壤中降解速度的加快并不是由微生物的数量决定的,而是由它们的降解能力决定的.