模拟油田采出水中H2S的脱除

采出水经处理后通常需作为地层回注水使用,由于油气生产的特殊性,常用的H2S脱除方法在使用中受到限制,探索适合于油气田生产的水处理方法十分必要。文章探讨了通常可用于油田采出水中H2S脱除的各种方法,对比了各类方法的优缺点,提出以NaClO为主要脱硫剂的水处理方法,通过对模拟采出水的室内实验,证明次氯酸法可以快速有效地去除采出水中的H2S,使H2S残留量低于1 mg/L。实验表明:经处理后的水质可以达到SY/T 5329-2012《碎屑岩油藏注水水质指标及分析方法》要求,处理成本较低。     

基于元胞遗传算法的多目标应急资源配置

为解决不同灾情下多目标多周期灾后救援问题,减少受灾损失,对灾后应急资源配置进行研究。从物流成本和系统损失2个方面最小化救灾行动的成本和最大化有限救灾资源的分配,建立基于路况的多目标应急资源配置模型,将帕累托前沿和超体积作为元胞遗传算法的求解性能指标,开展元胞遗传算法与遗传算法对模型的求解对比实验。结果表明:元胞遗传算法能较好地求解多目标多周期应急资源配置模型,且求解性能比遗传算法更好;通过对模型的求解,可为决策者基于不同灾情下的应急决策提供参考。     

新型滤槽除尘器配套脱硫工艺试验研究

采用半干法脱硫系统与新型滤槽除尘器相结合 ,可有效提高系统的脱硫、除尘效率。研究了影响该技术脱硫效率的主要因素。该技术集脱硫、除尘于一体 ,工艺简单 ,运行成本较低 ,尤其适用于燃煤含硫量≤ 1 .2 %的锅炉烟气的脱硫。     

超细水泥浆液在微裂隙岩体中的注浆试验研究

矿井井筒开拓安全通过巨厚洛河组砂岩含水层是一个普遍的难题,普通水泥注浆法无法形成有效的止水帷幕。为了给地面预注浆或帷幕注浆法过洛河组砂岩含水层提供依据,通过改变注浆材料,开展了超细水泥浆液在洛河组砂岩中的注浆试验研究。通过试验研究,较好地掌握了超细水泥对洛河组砂岩注浆性能,获得了相关的注浆经验。结果表明,超细水泥浆液无法对洛河组砂岩实现可注,并从微观结构上分析了不可注的原因。研究成果对类似地层的注浆改造和井巷工程的安全施工具有一定的借鉴与指导意义,避免了注浆经验导致工程实践的失败与资源浪费。     

信息素调控质粒介导的粪肠球菌耐药基因接合转移机制研究进展

粪肠球菌是一种在自然环境中广泛存在的革兰氏阳性细菌.由于其特殊的耐药机制及高频率的耐药基因转移方式,导致了环境中耐药粪肠球菌的广泛传播,生态安全形势严峻.其中,信息素应答质粒介导的粪肠球菌耐药基因的接合转移是造成粪肠球菌耐药基因快速扩散的重要方式.本文回顾了近些年关于信息素应答质粒接合转移的研究成果,分析总结了接合转移的必要条件、正负调控信息素对接合转移的调节作用,并以携带四环素抗性的质粒pCF10为例简要探讨了接合转移相关基因、蛋白的调控机制,旨在更加全面地揭示粪肠球菌的耐药基因传播机制,为耐药细菌的基因转移机制研究提供参考.     

后疫情重建阶段的碳排放趋势与减排策略研究

本研究利用北京理工大学最新研发的环境经济系统多主体模型,实现了对中国不同部门CO_2排放的中短期高精度模拟,研究在后疫情重建阶段中国财政刺激政策以及行业减排路径对碳排放与经济增长的影响。结果表明,由于"新基建"等疫后重建活动较多针对受疫情直接影响的人类活动高度聚集部门,若财政刺激政策与疫情防控在时间上保持同步,则前者对CO_2排放的增加效果不超过0.4%。各行业减排组合情景下CO_2排放增长率在2021年中位值为4.7%,之后直到"十五五"初期,各情景中位值在1.0%～1.4%。碳排放增长率具体取决于行业的低碳转型速度。相对于"十四五"单位经济产出CO_2排放降低18%的目标,各行业若减碳速度加倍,对降低中国碳排放贡献程度由高到低依次为电力、钢铁、水泥、交通及石化。仅在电力行业加速减碳的各情景下,中国可以在"十四五"至"十五五"初期将CO_2排放维持在稳定水平。与此同时,随着疫情减弱和经济系统中各主体适应性增强,中国GDP将维持平稳增长。上述结果表明,将疫后经济重建与绿色转型相结合,有望在实现经济持续增长的同时,使碳排放按时甚至提前达峰。     

乌鲁木齐市煤炭消费的CO2排放时空分析

通过计算乌鲁木齐市2001-2009年煤炭燃烧CO2排放量,对CO2排放现状及主要城区重点工业污染源企业煤炭消费的CO2排放进行时空分析。结果表明:(1)2001年以来,乌市煤炭在能源消费总量中所占的比重变化不大,占较高比例。(2)煤炭燃烧的CO2排放量逐年增加,年均增长率为10.84%;主要城区CO2的分布变化明显,天山区和头屯河区一直是CO2排放量高值区,乌鲁木齐县最低。结合乌市CO2排放现状及面临问题,提出减排对策,从而为健全乌市温室气体减排机制提供有力支撑。     

The impact analysis of policy events on China’s carbon market

ABSTRACT

This paper interrogates the impact of policy events on the efficiency of carbon market in China. The analysis covers five piloting emission trading schemes (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Shenzhen and Hubei), particularly focusing on Guangdong pilot for its weak form efficiency and the richness of policy events. Twenty-five policy events between 2014 and 2016 are categorized into seven groups. The efficiency test indicates that only Guangdong ETS has reached weak form efficiency. After exploring the policy events occurred in Guangdong ETS, it finds that although a clear long-term climate policy has been set up over the country, China’s carbon market still has a conservative risk appetite and its governing institutions still needs further development. The policy makers need to be aware of and avoid the negative impacts of policy events to the market evolvement, by introducing effective consultancy process with the stakeholders and nurturing market expectations in the long run. We also find that events like allowance auctions have considerably less impacts than previously expected and argue that auction approach should be considered a preferable option over a free allocation system in the future policy design.     

Association of individual green space exposure with the incidence of asthma and allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The association between allergic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), and green space (GS) remains controversial. Our study aimed to summarize and synthesize the association between individual GS exposure and the incidence of asthma/AR. We systematically summarized the qualitative relationship between GS exposure and asthma and AR. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used to estimate the effect of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) on asthma and AR. A total of 21 studies were included for systematic review, and 8 of them underwent meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis of current asthma, the 0?<?radius?≤?100 m group, 100?<?radius?≤?300 m group, and 500?<?radius?≤?1000 m group presented weak negative associations between the NDVI and current asthma. For ever asthma, slight positive associations existed in the 0?<?radius?≤?100 m group and 300?<?radius?≤?500 m group. In addition, the NDVI might slightly reduce the risk of AR in radius of 100 m and 500 m. Our findings suggest that the effects of GS exposure on asthma and AR were not significant. Differences in GS measurements, disease diagnoses and adjusted confounders across studies may have an impact on the results. Subsequent studies should consider potential confounding factors and use more accurate GS exposure measurements to better understand the impact of GS exposure on respiratory disease in the population.