大气污染物扩散模式的应用研究综述

应用大气污染物扩散模式可以模拟不同尺度、气象、地形条件下工业污染物在大气中的输送与扩散特征,为大气监测、城市环境规划和空气质量预报等工作提供科学依据.归纳了目前广泛应用于模拟工业污染物扩散的模式,着重介绍了近年来国内外对这些模式的主要应用研究进展,比较了各模式在应用上的优缺点,并对大气污染物扩散模式的应用研究前景进行了讨论.     

噪声损害鉴定方法和程序探讨

目前噪声污染问题正成为人民群众日益关心的突出问题,对于解决噪声污染引起的各种纠纷和诉讼,开展损害鉴定是重要手段,而目前国家并未出台噪声损害鉴定的相关技术导则,文章结合噪声相关法律法规、技术标准及实践经验,总结开展噪声损害鉴定的方法和程序及注意事项,为相关从业人员提供参考.     

五氯酚在表面微层水与表层水间的分配行为

利用玻璃板采样器采工分析市南排污河下游至渤变入口处水体表面微层（ＳＭ）中五氯酚（ＰＣＰ）的富体系数,然后在实验室中进行了微宇宙模拟实验,初步探讨了富集原因,现场测结果表明：ＰＣＰ在水体表面微层中有一定程度的富集一般富集系数在１．１６～４．１１之间;其富集可能与悬浮颗粒物在ＳＭ中的富集、盐度、大气沉降过程等有关,与ＴＯＣ无关。实验室研究结果表明：ＰＣＰ在水体表面微层中富集倍数随悬浮颗粒物浓度和盐度增     

Gasoline prices and traffic safety in Mississippi

Problem

Limited literature suggests that gasoline prices have substantial effects on reducing fatal crashes. However, the literature focuses only on fatal crashes and does not examine the effects on all traffic crashes.

Methods

Mississippi traffic crash data from April 2004–December 2008 from the Mississippi Highway Patrol and regular-grade unleaded gasoline price data from the Energy Information Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy were used to investigate the effects of gasoline prices on traffic safety by age, gender, and race.

Results

Gasoline prices have both short-term and intermediate-term effects on reducing total traffic crashes and crashes of females, whites, and blacks. The intermediate-term effects are generally stronger than the short-term effects. Gasoline prices also have short-term effects on reducing crashes of younger drivers and intermediate-term effects on older drivers and male drivers.

Impact on Industry

Higher gasoline taxes reduce traffic crashes and may result in additional societal benefits.     

提高钠离子交换器工作交换容量浅析

分析了钠离子交换器影响工作交换容量的因素,研究了交换剂在交换器中工作情况的层状特性,低盐耗条件下再生程度,浓度与工作交换容量关系,再生液流速根据交换剂反应的特性一般控制在4-8 m/h范围时合适,防止交换剂污染也是保证提高钠离子交换器工作交换容量的关键.     

Thermogravimetric coupled with Fourier transform infrared analysis study on thermal treatment of monopotassium phosphate residue

In China, safe disposal of hazardous waste is more and more a necessity, urged by rapid economic development. The pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of a residue from producing monopotassium phosphate (monopotassium phosphate residue), considered as a hazardous waste, were studied using a thermogravimetric, coupled with Fourier transform infrared analyzer (TG-FTIR). Both pyrolysis and combustion runs can be subdivided into three stages: drying, thermal decomposition, and final devolatilization. The average weight loss rate during fast thermal decomposition stage in pyrolysis is higher than combustion. Acetic acid, methane, pentane, (acetyl) cyclopropane, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, CO, and CO₂ were distinguished in the pyrolysis process, while CO₂ was the dominant combustion product.     

脱硫脱硝用煤质颗粒活性炭及试验方法国家标准解读

本文介绍了GB/T 30201-2013《脱硫脱硝用煤质颗粒活性炭》及GB/T 30202.1--5-2013《脱硫脱硝用煤质颗粒活性炭试验方法》的编制背景、主要内容、试验验证情况等,本系列标准于2014年发布实施,它对规范我国脱硫脱硝用煤质颗粒活性炭的科研、生产、应用以及推动干法脱硫脱硝减少二氧化硫、氮氧化物的排放将起到重要作用。     

When mentors feel supported: Relationships with mentoring functions and protégés' perceived organizational support

We surveyed full‐time employees of ongoing mentoring relationships to investigate relationships among mentors' perceived organizational support (POS), the extent of mentoring functions protégés received, and protégés' POS. Moreover, we examined the moderating role of mentors' altruistic personality in the relationship between mentors' POS and mentoring functions received. Results showed that mentors' POS was positively related to the extent of mentoring protégés reported receiving, which was then related positively to protégés' POS. Furthermore, the extent of mentoring received partially mediated the relationship between mentors' POS and protégés' POS. We also found that mentors' altruistic personality moderated the positive relationship between mentors' POS and the extent of mentoring received such that this relationship was stronger for low altruistic mentors. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震灾后恢复重建的后评价框架体系研究

地震灾后恢复重建的后评价研究是将后评价理论与地震灾后恢复重建相结合的研究。在各国灾后重建经验基础上,提出灾后重建后评价的框架体系。该框架包括工程项目后评价、经济效益后评价、社会效果后评价、生态环境可持续性后评价、人文建设后评价和应急能力后评价等6个方面,这6个方面相互关联且涉及的评价内容错综复杂,因此利用解释结构模型对其进行定量结构分析,并加以定性的描述。研究结果表明,震灾重建要以人为本,以生态环境可持续发展为长远目标,通过对工程项目投资拉动灾区经济的增长,重建效果直接表现为社会和谐和应急能力加强。     

淮河流域湿地变化的特征、热点及其影响因素

利用Landsat遥感数据定量研究了淮河流域1995—2007年间各湿地类型的规模变化,分析了其变化特征,辨识了湿地消长的热点区域,并研究湿地变化热点空间分异的影响因子。结果表明,研究期间流域内水田、库塘等人工湿地大幅增加(净增量分别占1995年湿地总面积的16.81%、4.57%);湖泊、沼泽等自然湿地则明显减少(净减少量分别占1995年湿地总面积的1.06%、2.79%),且多转为人工湿地。湿地变化热点多分布于流域东部及南部;人工湿地变化热点分布连续而集中,自然湿地变化热点则稀少而分散。高程和气温对人工湿地增长热点及自然湿地减少热点的发生影响强度相对较高;社会经济与可达性因素对热点的发生具有显著作用,但其影响强度相对较弱。整个淮河流域,湿地变化热点的发生受多种要素的耦合作用,但湿地变化热点空间分异的首要因素是流域自然地理等背景条件的约束作用。