TiO_2胶体光催化降解罗丹明B染料

TiO2胶体从钛氧有机物水解制备,表征的方法有：X射线衍射光谱（XRD）、激光散射粒径分布、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线光电子谱（XPS）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）。利用罗丹明B染料分子作为探针分子研究TiO2胶体的光催化活性,分析了pH、催化剂用量、外加氧化剂（H2O2）用量及罗丹明B初始浓度对TiO2胶体光催化活性的影响。结果表明：制备的TiO2胶体粒子平均粒径为13.8 nm（激光散法测定）,光催化降解罗丹明B染料的反应属于一级动力学反应,可以用Langmuir-Hinshewood模型加以描述,反应速率常数k1为0.08413 mg/（L.min）,平衡吸附常数k2为1.5305 L/mg;在pH为6,TiO2胶体用量为0.04%,H2O2（含量30%）用量为0.2%（V/V）,光照度为69.6μW/cm2时,5 h后罗丹明B染料的降解率可达到99%以上;相似的条件,0.2%的P25 TiO2粉体光催化处理染料水时,罗丹明B的降解率为90%。纳米TiO2胶体不仅可以提高罗丹明B的光催化降解率,还具有用量少,可有效降低水处理成本的特点。     

处理低温低碳源城市污水的A/A/O氧化沟工艺脱氮运行工况优化

针对低温低碳源条件下城市污水的生物脱氮效果不佳的问题,采用A/A/O氧化沟中试装置在实际污水厂开展了冬季低温低碳源条件下不同运行工况的优化研究。通过实验,从3种工况中确定了最优的运行工况,即共采用5个转盘,其中前3个低速运行,第4个高速运行,第5个关闭。在最优运行工况下,系统对COD、NH4+-N、TN平均去除率分别为86.5%、75.4%和70.1%,出水COD、NH 4+-N、TN平均浓度分别为21.0、6.1和14.9 mg/L,出水水质全部优于国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)中的一级B标准,出水COD、NH4+-N、TN达到一级A标准的比例分别为100%、20%和40%。     

Fe/Ce/沸石负载型类芬顿催化剂制备及其特性

采用柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe/Ce/沸石负载型芬顿催化剂,通过透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其进行表征,并将其作为非均相类芬顿催化剂处理孔雀石绿染料溶液。研究表明,通过掺杂Ce,可提高催化剂颗粒分散度和催化剂表面的氧气含量,进而提高催化活性。在催化剂投加量3.0 g/L,H2O2投加量67 mg/L,pH=8.0的条件下,反应30 min后,浓度为150 mg/L的孔雀石绿溶液脱色率可达97.3%。     

巢湖陆向湖滨带常见野生植物对磷缓冲能力的影响

湖泊陆向湖滨带缓冲磷扩散的机制尚未得到充分地研究。系统分析了2011年4~7月巢湖陆向湖滨带5种野生植物的生长状况与根际土不同形态磷的含量和吸附行为。结果表明土壤磷的吸附行为可用Langmuir方程加以描述。与对照相比,艾草和小飞蓬根际土总磷含量明显较低,磷的最大吸附量（Qmax）明显较高,而小蓟和狗尾巴草根际土速效磷含量明显较高,Qmax与磷吸附强度明显较低。植物根与茎长均随季节增加,相应的土壤磷饱和度下降。因此,植物吸收与土壤吸附是陆向湖滨带缓冲磷扩散的重要机制。有机质可通过增加速效磷含量和Qmax值调节土壤磷平衡浓度（EPC0）。小飞蓬和艾草根际土的EPC0值明显较低,磷吸附能力较强。而小蓟和早熟禾根际土的EPC0值明显较高,故易成为向湖泊扩散的磷源     

The effect of polystyrene plastics on the toxicity of triphenyltin to the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum—influence of plastic particle size

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The effect of polystyrene (PS) particles on the toxicity of triphenyltin (TPT) to the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum was investigated. The...     

Fecal source tracking based on fecal coliform concentration and bacterial community structure in the Bong stream,Korea

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fecal source tracking of the Bong stream, a representative inland pollutant around the drainage basin of Gangjin Bay (an area where shellfish are...     

梨形筒式好氧堆肥反应器的开发与应用

针对现有堆肥反应器移动困难、难以使物料充分混合及堆肥效率不稳定等问题,开发了梨形筒式好氧堆肥反应器。从物料和热量平衡、通风量及搅拌方式优化等方面对反应器进行了研究。反应器主要包括梨形筒体、无轴螺旋导叶、通风系统、动力系统和控制系统等,具有易于移动、便于进/出料等优点。在通风量为2.0 L/min,初始物料投加量5.0kg（干重比∶粪便/锯末=1∶4）,含水率约60%时,利用反应器对人粪便进行序批式堆肥实验,结果表明,反应器搅拌5 min后混合均匀率可达90%以上,符合混合均匀度的要求;堆体温度从第2天开始升温至50℃以上并保持30 d;TOC和COD均呈持续下降趋势,降解率分别为72.61%和72.81%;种子发芽指数为92.18%,可完全达到腐熟标准。     

Greenhouse gas emissions and poverty alleviation nexus in the Economic Commission of West African States

This paper investigates the nexus between greenhouse gas emissions and poverty alleviation in the Economic Commission of West African States between 1985 and 2020 applying autoregressive distributed lag and Granger causality techniques. The results reveal that carbon dioxide non-significantly relates to gross domestic product per capita positively while nitrous oxide and foreign direct investment impacts gross domestic product per capita positively. Methane negatively impacts gross domestic product per capita. The governments should use conventions to regulate greenhouse gas emissions’ effects on environmental degradation regionally and globally. The study underscores that countries should diversify to cleaner energy sources. This would reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. Massive technological investment is required to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions’ negative impacts on the environment which create poverty. This policy implication ensures environmental sustainability and reverses the ugly trend of greenhouse gas emissions on poverty.     

复杂背景环境下基于SSD_MobileNet深度学习模型的火焰图像识别研究

针对现有的火灾火焰图像识别方法在光照和红花等类似火焰干扰的复杂环境下存在错检和漏检的问题, 提出一种基于SSD_MobileNet的复杂环境火焰区域标记方法。首先,将深度卷积神经网络SSD300的基础卷积网络VGG16替换为MobileNet网络,应用深度可分离卷积,降低网络参数,进而构建一种火焰图像检测的SSD_MobileNet模型;然后,迁移第一次训练模型所有的卷积层参数,初始化新的待训练模型;最后,加入新的数据样本用于削弱光照、红花等干扰对象的影响。通过与SSD300、以及深度学习的目标检测算法Faster R-CNN和YOLOv3-tiny对比,实验结果表明,构建的火焰检测和火焰区域标记SSD_MobileNet模型的综合性能优于Faster R-CNN和YOLOv3-tiny模型,更适用于实时火焰检测领域。     

Evaluation of maturity parameters and heavy metal contents in composts made from animal manure

The objective of this study was to evaluate a variety of maturity indices and heavy metal concentrations in the composting process. A full-scale study was performed on animal manures (dairy:beef:swine = 50%:30%:20%, w/w) mixed with sawdust using a self-screwed turner over a time period of 63 days. Several chemical compost characteristics and germination indices were monitored on samples collected weekly at a prototype composting facility. NH(4)-N concentrations decreased during the composting time, on the contrary NO(3)-N concentrations increased sharply after 30 days. As composting proceeded, the humic acids content increased from 1.45% to 2.70% of the organic carbon content, whereas the fulvic acids content decreased gradually. Temperature in the compost pile and concentration of NH(3) averaged 32.4 degrees C and 12.9 ppm at the initial composting phase and 69.5 degrees C and 47.3 ppm at the active bio-oxidation composting phase, respectively. Seed germination and germination index (GI) increased during the composting process, and the compost samples at the end of composting phase had GI values greater than 120. Among the composting processes, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in concentration of Zn, Cu and Pb in the compost. In conclusion, the suggested maturity parameter values and metal concentrations of composted animal manures can provide better understanding of maturation process of animal manure compost.