Non-thermal plasma treatment of Radix aconiti wastewater generated by traditional Chinese medicine processing

The wastewater effluent from Radix aconiti processing, an important step in the production processes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is a type of toxic wastewater and difficult to treat. Plasma oxidation methods have emerged as feasible techniques for effective decomposition of toxic organic pollutants. This study examined the performance of a plasma reactor operated in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to degrade the effluent from R. aconiti processing. The effects of treatment time, discharge voltage, initial pH value and the feeding gas for the reactor on the degradation of this TCM wastewater were investigated. A bacterium bioluminescence assay was adopted in this study to test the toxicity of the TCM wastewater after non-thermal plasma treatment. The degradation ratio of the main toxic component was 87.77% after 60 min treatment with oxygen used as feed gas and it was 99.59% when the initial pH value was 8.0. High discharge voltage and alkaline solution environment were beneficial for improving the degradation ratio. The treatment process was found to be capable of reducing the toxicity of the wastewater to a low level or even render it non-toxic. These experimental results suggested that the DBD plasma method may be a competitive technology for primary decomposition of biologically undegradable toxic organic pollutants in TCM wastewater.     

水稻品种及典型土壤改良措施对稻米吸收镉的影响

水稻镉污染是我国当前重要的农产品安全问题,湖南攸县"镉大米"事件造成了严重的社会影响.针对南方酸性土壤镉污染特征,进行了"镉大米"治理技术研究.结果表明,当地主栽水稻品种株两优06的稻米Cd含量在大同桥和网岭镇的平均值分别为0.167 mg·kg-1和0.127 mg·kg-1,为其它品种的20%左右;石灰和矿物肥处理能够使稻米Cd含量降低到对照的20%~30%,覆膜处理使稻米Cd含量与对照相比降低约50%,而覆膜+生物炭+硅肥叶面肥处理能够降低80%左右,硅肥叶面肥单独施用及叶面肥和追肥配合施用能够显著降低稻米中的Cd含量90%以上;BCR法分析土壤Cd形态结果发现,供试大田土壤中Cd的弱酸可提取态比例较高,绝大多数样品达到55%以上,而施用石灰能够显著降低土壤中的弱酸可提取态和可还原态比例,增加残渣态比例,变化幅度达到20%左右;土壤Cd含量与p H值是影响稻米对Cd吸收的重要因素.     

江西省极端干旱下臭氧污染特征及成因分析

基于气象和环境空气质量监测数据,分析了江西省干旱对臭氧污染的影响,并结合VOCs在线监测数据,对2022年9月极端干旱下江西省臭氧污染过程特征及污染成因进行分析。结果表明:江西省臭氧污染与气象干旱间存在一定联系,干旱情况下缺少降水对臭氧及其前体物VOCs的湿清除作用,易促使臭氧超标概率随着无雨日数的增加逐步上升。江西省2022年9月出现历史性极端干旱情况,干旱期间江西省11个地市共出现151 d臭氧超标天,NO₂常于午夜和早晨出现浓度峰值,从而促进上午臭氧浓度的迅速上升。此外,南昌市林科所站点VOCs在线监测数据也显示:极端干旱期间逐日VOCs体积分数为11.9×10^-9~35.5×10^-9,较8月明显升高。对OFP贡献前十的物种主要为OVOCs和芳香烃,与8月相比,芳香烃、烯烃和烷烃的OFP略有下降,OVOCs的OFP升高明显,其中乙醛对臭氧的贡献甚至上升143%,前期长时间的无降水可能是乙醛等OVOCs浓度上升的重要原因之一。     

白洋淀表层沉积物元素的空间特征、风险评价及来源分析

对白洋淀流域表层沉积物中营养元素(N和P)、重金属(Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Co、Ni及Sn)及粒度进行研究,分析元素的空间变化并进行污染和风险评价,在此基础上结合河流的沉积特征,利用多元统计方法分析淀内沉积物元素的来源及其变化规律.结果表明,白洋淀和河流表层沉积物重金属平均含量均高于背景值,淀内空间上呈现营养元素"西北高东南低",重金属"中部高南北低"的特征;表层沉积物中元素综合污染指数(I)大小顺序为:Cd> Pb> Cr> Cu=Zn> Ni> Sn> Co,其中Cd为重度污染,其它重金属为中度污染,枣林庄地区Cr为重度污染;潜在生态危害系数(Eri)大小顺序为:Cd> Pb> Cu> Cr> Ni> Zn,其中Cd除采蒲台地区具有强潜在生态风险,其他元素具有轻度潜在生态风险.淀内沉积物质地差异较小,流域河流入淀后的面源污染是影响白洋淀表层沉积物元素空间变化的主要原因,但淀内村庄的点源污染也不容忽视,尤其是元素N、P、Pb及Cr.     

浅谈美国环境监测质量保证与质量控制

介绍了美国环境监测质量保证(QA)/质量控制(QC)体系及其基本程序,着重对其监测项目QA/QC规划做了详细介绍。目的使其对我国环境监测QA/QC体系的完善起到一定的借鉴和指导作用。     

Predicting the effect of promotion measures on waste separation behavior: a case study in Da Nang City,Vietnam

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Recycling is one of the priority solutions for reducing the amount of waste entering landfills. To achieve high rates of recycling, citizens are...     

Application and validation of a biotic ligand model for calculating acute toxicity of lead to Moina dubia in lakes of Hanoi,Vietnam

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It is increasingly being recognized that biotic ligand models (BLMs) can successfully predict the toxicity of divalent metals toward aquatic biota...     

Fluoride-immobilized co-processing and resource utilization of aluminum-electrolyzed spent cathode carbon in brick-fired kiln

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Spent cathode carbon (SCC) is hazardous waste from the electrolytic aluminum industry due to its high levels of soluble fluoride, while brick-fired...     

以嘉陵江铊浓度异常事件为例探讨《重特大突发水环境事件应急监测工作规程》在应急监测中的应用

以"1.20"嘉陵江铊浓度异常事件应急监测为例,阐述了《重特大突发水环境事件应急监测工作规程》在应急监测工作中的应用。通过实例分析了应急监测全过程中的监测方案编制、样品采集安排、监测实验室设置、监测方法选择、监测结果报送、污染趋势预测以及应急状态终止等内容,结果表明《重特大突发水环境事件应急监测工作规程》能够指导应急监测工作顺利开展,该案例可为相关突发水环境事件的现场处置和应急监测工作提供技术参考。