不同出口山脚约束的泥石流淤埋实验研究

汶川8.0级地震后,在灾后重建的过程中,很多位于泥石流沟口堆积区的居民建筑、交通干线、临时设施等都不可避免会遭受到泥石流的威胁.不同泥石流沟堆积区两侧山脚的夹角都有所不同,其对泥石流在堆积区的淤埋情况也会有所影响.针对此种情况,开展了18组室内实验,探讨出山口山脚约束对泥石流淤埋的影响.实验结果表明,随着约束程度的加大,泥石流扇状地的淤埋宽度随之减小,淤埋长度和厚度随之而增大,泥石流淤埋危险有向下游推进的趋势.     

食蚊鱼(Gambusia afinis)cat、gapdh和gst基因的克隆及其在生态毒理学中的应用

根据Ensembl、Genbank登录的鱼类cat、gapdh和gst基因的CDS序列设计普通PCR扩增引物,寻找食蚊鱼的cat、gapdh和gst基因的c DNA片段,并根据定量引物设计要求设计出相应的SYBR Green I荧光定量RT-q PCR引物,建立了食蚊鱼cat、gapdh和gst基因的SYBR Green I荧光定量RT-q PCR方法。该方法在104~108数量级范围内有良好线性关系(R=0.999~1.000);熔解曲线显示扩增产物特异性良好,均为单一峰值;质粒标准品最高浓度与最低浓度的批内试验变异系数与批间试验变异系数均低于2%。利用该方法监测和评价环境污染物对水生生物的影响,选择了水体中常见典型药物污染物——双氯芬酸,研究其对食蚊鱼抗氧化基因表达的影响。结果表明,雌性食蚊鱼暴露在不同浓度双氯芬酸钠(0.005、0.05、0.5和5 mg·L-1)24 h后,其肝脏cat、gapdh和gst的mRNA呈现显著变化,相对于对照组,在低浓度0.005 mg·L-1时,cat与gst mRNA的表达量均有极显著上升(p0.01),而其它浓度均极显著下降(p0.01)。试验表明该方法具有快速、精确、灵敏度高的优点,可为利用该类小型鱼类的原位污染物的生物监测和生态毒理评价提供有力的技术支持。     

Toward ecological function zoning and comparison to the Ecological Redline Policy: a case study in the Poyang Lake Region,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Faced with huge environmental problems of ecosystem degradation, “Ecological Redline Policy (ERP)” in China is a new key national-level...     

The impact of urbanization and consumption patterns on China’s black carbon emissions based on input–output analysis and structural decomposition analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urbanization in China has dramatically increased from 39.10 in 2002 to 58.52% in 2017. Studies have discussed the impacts of urbanization and its...     

不同生育期Cd胁迫对水稻生长及镉累积的影响

采用水培试验方法,从水稻移栽至某特定生育期之间添加外源镉(Cd),通过递推减法,研究了湘晚籼13号水稻不同生育期Cd胁迫对其生长和不同部位中Cd含量的影响.结果表明,50μg·L~(-1)外源Cd胁迫不会影响水稻的正常生长发育,糙米中的Cd主要来源于水稻分蘖期吸收的Cd在后期的迁移、灌浆期吸收的Cd和成熟期吸收的Cd,这3个关键生育期对糙米中最终Cd含量的贡献率分别为36.4%、18.2%和16.4%.因此,与灌浆期和成熟期相比,在水稻分蘖期采用一些植物阻隔技术可能对水稻籽粒中Cd含量的削减更为重要.     

Effects of humic acid fractions with different polarities on photodegradation of 2,4-D in aqueous environments

Four fractions (A, B, C, and D) of humic acids (HAs) were separated based on the polarity from weak to strong. UV-vis absorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis show that the fractions C and Dpossessedmore aromatic C=C content. The influences of HAs and their fractions on the photolysis were investigated by the photodegradation of 2,4-D solutions under simulated solar light irradiation. The degradation rate of 2,4-D was found to decrease in the presence of bulk HAs or their fractions especially at high HAs concentration. The fractions of strong polarity C and D retarded the degradation rate more than the fractions of weak polarity A and B. This could be attributed to the different absorption intensity of the four HAs fractions in the order of D ? C > A > B, and the stronger π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions between the strong polar fractions and 2,4-D.     

HCHs and DDTs in salt marsh plants (Scirpus) from the Yangtze estuary and nearby coastal areas, China

HCHs and DDTs in salt marsh plants taken from intertidal flats in the Yangtze estuary and coastal area in April and July 2002 were determined by GC-ECD. A significant seasonal effect was observed for HCHs and DDTs in sources and concentration levels in different sample types including above-ground tissues and roots as well as the whole plants and rhizospheric sediments. The results indicated that the concentration of t-HCH was higher in the above-ground tissues than in their roots in April; however, the partitioning of DDTs between contaminated sediments and the roots showed the higher concentrations of t-DDT in their roots. HCHs and DDTs concentration levels were higher in above-ground tissues than in roots in July. BCFs of HCHs and DDTs exhibited lower values with higher levels of contaminants in sediments, and higher values with lower levels in sediments.