Accelerated degradation of orange G over a wide pH range in the presence of FeVO<Subscript>4</Subscript>

In this study, FeVO₄ was prepared and used as Fenton-like catalyst to degrade orange G (OG) dye. The removal of OG in an aqueous solution containing 0.5 g·L^–1 FeVO₄ and 15 mmol·L^–1 hydrogen peroxide at pH 7.0 reached 93.2%. Similar rates were achieved at pH 5.7 (k = 0.0471 min^–1), pH 7.0 (k = 0.0438 min^–1), and pH 7.7 (k = 0.0434 min^–1). The FeVO₄ catalyst successfully overcomes the problem faced in the heterogeneous Fenton process, i.e., the narrow working pH range. The data for the removal of OG in FeVO₄ systems containing H₂O₂ conform to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model (R² = 0.9988), indicating that adsorption and surface reaction are the two basic mechanisms for OG removal in the FeVO₄–H₂O₂ system. Furthermore, the irradiation of FeVO₄ by visible light significantly increases the degradation rate of OG, which is attributed to the enhanced rates of the iron cycles and vanadium cycles.

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钢筋混凝土结构构件局部地震损伤多尺度监测方法

提出一种结构局部地震损伤过程的多尺度监测方法。首先,在混凝土材料尺度上,针对混凝土材料细观随机性影响问题,基于压电智能骨料进行混凝土压应力监测,通过试验方法建立了混凝土损伤全过程中压电智能骨料应力与混凝土宏观应力的概率统计关系;其次,在截面尺度上,基于MEMS倾角仪转动监测方法,提出混凝土压弯构件截面曲率的监测方法,并通过试验验证了该方法的可行性;最后,在构件尺度上,提出基于转动积分的层间变形监测方法并给出了转动监测位置的设计原理,通过构件试验验证了该监测方法的可靠性。     

水灰比对高温下混凝土质量损失及抗压强度影响试验研究

为研究水灰比对不同温度作用下混凝土残余抗压强度、质量损失的影响,对不同受火温度和不同水灰比的混凝土标准立方体试件进行高温下及高温后的抗压强度试验和质量损失测试。试验结果表明:随着水灰比的增大,高温下及高温后混凝土抗压强度、混凝土质量损失均呈现出整体下降的趋势。通过试验拟合回归分析,建立了高温下混凝土抗压强度、质量损失与受火温度之间的关系式,可通过质量损失、受火温度来预估高温下混凝土残余抗压强度。     

大气中CO2与O3浓度升高对植物光合作用影响研究

随着工业化进程的加快,两种温室气体CO2和O3在大气中浓度不断升高,对植物光合作用产生重要影响.通过从气体交换参数、光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光特性、光合酶、生物量及产量等多方面分析国内外CO2O3单独作用及复合作用对植物光合过程和机理、光合作用物质基础及光合产物的影响,深入了解两种污染气体作用下植物光合响应机制,以期为植物光合作用分子水平的研究以及有效应对未来全球大气变化提供理论依据.     

新民市柳河水源地水环境健康风险评价

为了评价新民柳河水源地的供水安全,在简要介绍水环境健康风险评价基本方法的基础上, 建立了水环境健康风险评价模式.研究结果表明:(1)柳河水源地地面水基因毒物质为优先控制污染物;而地下水应着力控制躯体毒物质;(2)对于基因毒物质,监测断面优先控制污染物为As和Cr;而对于躯体毒物质,所有监测断面的优先控制污染物均为氨;(3)在所有监测断面中,柳河上断面等六处有毒污染物所致健康危害的个人年总风险数量级为10-5～10-4.在日后的管理过程中,应对这六处加大治理力度;(4)目前环境健康风险评价还没有包括在常规环境评价工作中,建议在今后的评价工作中应该逐步开展这方面的工作,以提高供水安全.     

A／A／O微曝氧化沟处理城市污水的工程设计

以某日处理量为80000m^3城市污水处理厂为例，介绍了A／A／O微曝氧化沟工艺的设计思路及参数选择，能够满足设计要求，且可信度高，有实用参考价值。     

Effects of a non-ionic surfactant (Tween-80) on the mineralization, metabolism and uptake of phenanthrene in wheat-solution-lava microcosm

Effects of a non-ionic surfactant (Tween-80) on the mineralization, metabolism and uptake of phenanthrene in wheat-solution-lava microcosm were studied using 14C-labeled phenanthrene. The mineralization and metabolism of phenanthrene were fast in such a system. At least 90% of the applied phenanthrene were transformed within 24 days. Only 0.3% of the applied 14C-activity were identified to be the parent phenanthrene. Most of the applied 14C-activity (70%) was recovered from wheat, in which ca. 70% were associated with wheat shoots (stems and leaves) and ca. 30% wheat roots. 33% and 20% of the applied 14C-activity had been constructed into wheat tissues of shoots and roots, respectively. The 14C-activity recovered in forms of CO2 and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) was 12-16% and 4-5%, respectively. The major metabolites of phenanthrene were polar compounds (18% of the applied 14C) and only 2.1% were identified as non-polar metabolites. No phenanthrene was found in wheat shoots indicating that it could not be transported from roots to upper parts of the plant but in form of metabolites (mostly polar metabolites). Foliar uptake of 14C-activity via air in form of 14CO2 occurred. The presence of Tween-80 significantly enhanced the degradation of phenanthrene, which could be attributed to its increase of microbial activities in the system. Tween-80 also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the phenanthrene level in wheat roots, which probably resulted from desorption of phenanthrene from root surface caused by the surfactant.     

高羊茅对微生物强化修复石油污染土壤影响的研究

进行了石油污染土壤在外源微生物菌剂和高羊茅协调作用下的强化修复试验,对外源微生物菌剂在不同植被条件下的去除特征进行了分析.分别进行了没有植物、高羊茅草坪、高羊茅草种新育草坪3种不同情况下的降解试验.结果表明,微生物菌剂对石油污染土壤有着良好的降解效果,去除率为36%～43%,而没有微生物菌剂和植被作用下的对照组的去除率仅为5.74%～6.0%;高羊茅草坪能够提高微生物进一步降解的能力,在直接铺草坪的情况下,去除率可以达到51%～62%;在播种高羊茅草种,形成新嫩草坪的情况下,去除率为48%～54%.结果表明,在直接铺高羊茅草坪条件下,微生物菌剂的强化分解作用可以提高41.6%～44.2%,在新嫩草坪作用下能够提高27.9%～30.6%,可以认为高羊茅草坪对于提高微生物菌剂的强化分解有一定的促进作用.在试验过程中还对不同修复的土壤pH值变化特性进行了分析.     

卤代核苷植物油悬液一次注射法体内姐妹染色单体交换形成试验

本文介绍一种体内姐妹染色单体交换形成试验的新方法。将卤代核苷制成植物油悬液作皮下一次注射,当小鼠体内卤代核苷剂量达到500mg/kg时,即可获得非常满意的骨髓细胞姐妹染色单体分化着色效果。该法操作简便,无需特殊设备,卤代核苷用量亦较小。     

校正系数在工作曲线中应用

采用大肚移液管，将标准溶液配制成整数级别的贮备液、中间液、使用液时，利用工作曲线计算测定值需要引入校正系数，利用该方法可简化操作，减少误差提高实验准确度、精密度。