硼泥吸附水中酚的研究

经加热活化处理的硼泥,用于处理50mg/L的含酚废水,加入量为1％时,最佳吸附酚的pH为2～4,去除率为32％;加入量为5％时,去除率最好可达60％。吸附平衡浓度与吸附量关系符合Lanmuir吸附等温式,其20.0、25.0、30.0℃时的饱和吸附量分别为3.25、2.50、1.75mg/g,其吸附速度符合鲛岛吸附动力学方程。通过活性硼泥的红外光谱和Ｘ射线衍射图,探讨了吸附机理。     

振打机构摆臂疲劳寿命仿真及可靠性分析

目的 针对振打机构关键部件摆臂,开展疲劳寿命及关键参数影响程度仿真分析,获得寿命分布及可靠性数据,校核摆臂设计是否满足使用要求。方法 基于S-N曲线进行振打机构摆臂的寿命仿真,开展动力学仿真与应力仿真,获得不同温度下摆臂最低寿命与管壁壁厚的关系。通过对关键寿命影响参数进行影响程度仿真分析,获得寿命分布及可靠性数据。结果 当摆臂壁厚大于1.77mm时,摆臂的平均寿命大于144万次,满足产品设计要求。疲劳寿命与弹性模量E负相关,与抗拉强度和表面加工系数正相关。可靠度R取0.8时,摆臂的可靠寿命约为29 005次;可靠度R取0.9时,摆臂的可靠寿命约为11 891次。结论 振打机构摆臂壁厚需大于1.77 mm,摆臂表面质量系数大于0.827 3,材质抗拉强度大于907.76 MPa,弹性模量E小于2.041×10^(5)MPa。     

长江经济带城市协同发展能力研究

协同发展是目前长江经济带建设的重点,但是,目前对协同发展水平进行定量测度的研究较少。依据增长极和复合生态系统等理论,遵循新时期长江经济带发展的指导思想,构建了由科技创新、经济发展、交流服务、生态保护4大领域18个核心指标组成的长江经济带城市协同发展能力评价指标体系,并采用自然断裂点分析、空间自相关分析和规模-位序分析等方法,对长江经济带110个地级及以上城市的协同发展能力进行了系统分析。研究发现：上海、南京、武汉在协同发展能力上表现卓越。从空间分布看,长江经济地城市协同发展能力呈现东高西低的格局,上海的龙头带动作用突出,长江下游地区在总协同指数、经济发展、科技创新、交流服务领域处于领先水平,但在生态保护领域表现一般;长江中游地区除武汉、长沙和南昌等省会城市协同发展能力较高外,在总指数以及4个分领域处于中等水平;长江上游地区在总协同指数以及4个分领域协同能力非常低,仅重庆、成都、昆明、贵阳等城市协同发展能力突出。经济发展水平、交通运输条件和科技创新水平对生态绿色发展的协同能力影响不大,说明长江经济带目前尚未实现生态保护与经济发展、技术进步和黄金水道建设的共赢。因此,未来长江经济带应以“绿色、创新、稳健”为核心思想,推进长江经济带协同发展的顶层设计,加快构建以重要节点城市为核心的分层协同发展机制,推动长江经济带绿色产业的创新协调发展,强化长江经济带生态安全风险的联合防控,提升经济带的协同发展水平。     

Effect of Soybean Cultivation on Soil Collembola Community in Marshland of Sanjiang Plain,China

The Sanjiang Plain, the largest inland freshwater marshland in China, was extensive reclaimed into agricultural land. To assess the effects of marshland reclamation on Collembola, we investigated collembolan communities in a chronosequence of soybean plantations (2, 15, and 25 years) in Sanjiang marshland, Northeastern China. We found that: 1) the densities and species richness of Collembola were promoted after short-term (2 years) cultivation of soybean, but significantly decreased after medium-term cultivation (15 years); 2) the densities of epi-edaphic Collembola increased while the densities of hemi-edaphic Collembola decreased as the elongation of soybean cultivation; 3) compared with S0, two species of Collembola appeared while five species disappeared in S25. The changes of plant communities and the soil traits were supposed to be the key factors affecting the composition of soil Collembola. We thus suggest that original marshland should be saved for preserving high diversity and densities of Collembola in the Sanjiang Plain.

     

Nutrients Availability Shapes Fungal Community Composition and Diversity in the Rare Earth Mine Tailings of Southern Jiangxi,China

Russian Journal of Ecology - The present study characterized the nutrients availability of three rare earth tailings deserted in different time stages in Southern Jiangxi of China, and revealed the...     

近期长江张家洲南水道强冲刷机理与趋势分析

2016年9月利用多波束测深仪调查了张家洲河段河床微地貌的高分辨率形态与分布特征,结合1998年和2013年水下地形资料,分析了三峡截流以来该河段河槽的冲淤变化与演变趋势。结果表明：（1）张家洲河段整体呈冲刷状态,净冲刷量17.2×10.6 m³。其中,张家洲南水道是强冲刷区,最大冲刷深度约9 m;（2）河槽表层沉积物中值粒径为149.1~226.3 μm,与历史资料相比呈粗化趋势;（3）张家洲河段约82.9％的主航道发育了沙波,约14.0％的主航道发育了冲刷坑与冲刷槽,平床地形仅占3.1％。流域来沙量减少是张家洲河段整体冲刷的主要原因,而河流控制工程稳定了河势,迫使水流归槽,加剧了张家洲南水道的冲刷。随着流域来沙量持续减少,张家洲南水道主航道有可能进一步冲刷     

Carbon trading thickness and market efficiency in a socialist market economy

Unlike the European Union emission trade system (EU ETS), China’s pilot ETSs implemented diversified policy designs instead of using a uniform framework. Variance ratio test is used to evaluate the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) in China’s carbon trading markets. The results of two versions of variance ratio tests indicate that the carbon trading market in Hubei is considered weak form efficient, and the socialist market economy does not necessarily lead to market inefficiency in carbon trading markets. Thin trading activities generate market frictions and bias the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) tests.     

Larval and Juvenile Fish Assemblage Structure of Inshore Habitats in the Middle Reaches of Li River,China: Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Relation to Abiotic Factors

To evaluate the effect of abiotic factors on larval and juvenile fish assemblage in shallow waters of middle reaches of Li River, Guilin, China. Samplings were taken monthly at 7 stations in the mainstream and 2 stations in 3 tributaries from May 2014 to April 2015. Synchronously, temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen rainfall and discharge were obtained. In all, 11.886 larval and juvenile fish from 18 species belonging to 8 families, 16 genera was captured. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed obvious significant difference between the environmental variables across sampling areas and months. The results of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) indicated that water temperature, turbidity, discharge and rainfall were dominant factors on larval and juvenile fish assemblage.     

冬小麦生产力估算方法研究

本文在综述前人工作的基础上,对作物生产力的概念重新进行了阐述,提出作物生产力包括多层次的含义、各层次生产力代表不同的生产水平且限制因子不同,并对各层次生产力进行了定义。从大气-作物-土壤系统出发,探讨了冬小麦的生长发育及产量形成与各环境因子、能量投入之间的定量关系,采用动态模拟和统计分析相结合的方法,利用dBASEⅢ和BASIC语言,建立起了冬小麦生长发育及生产力形成的动态模拟软件,该软件可以根据不同需要对不同地区的冬小麦干物质累积、叶面积变化及土壤水分平衡进行计算,并可计算各层次的生产力。     

纳米零价铁的制备及其去除水中对氯硝基苯的研究

通过FeSO4与KBH4反应,利用液相还原法制备纳米零价铁颗粒(NZVI),用XRD、SEM和BET对其性能进行表征。在常温常压下利用纳米铁还原废水中的对氯硝基苯(p-CNB),探讨了反应条件对还原率的影响。结果表明,制备过程中碱性物质(NaOH)的添加可以明显减小颗粒粒径,增大比表面积,提高纳米铁还原反应的效率。NZVI对于对氯硝基苯有很好的去除效果,NZVI用量、p-CNB初始浓度和pH值均对其去除效率产生影响。在纳米铁投加量为1 g/L,pH=2的条件下,添加NaOH的纳米铁能在120 min内将质量浓度为50 mg/L的对氯硝基苯基本完全降解,降解率为98.8%。此外,还对NZVI还原对氯硝基苯的机理进行了初步探讨。