基于逻辑框架法和成功度评价的生态补偿政策评估与动态调整研究

生态补偿政策效果的发挥有赖于科学、合理的制度设计,制度设计不仅仅指制度建立之初的设计,还包括制度实施过程中的实施评估及其优化调整,本文选择在生态补偿政策实施一个阶段后,利用逻辑框架法从宏观目标、直接目的、政策产出和政策投入四个层次分析生态补偿政策的实施过程及其效果,进而利用成功度评价法,设计生态补偿成功度评价指标体系,并利用该指标体系评估出中山市生态补偿政策实施的成功度综合等级为0.866,属完全成功。基于前述研究,提出下一阶段中山市生态补偿政策调整的重点。     

催化湿式氧化法处理三环唑生产废水

在高压釜中进行了三环唑农药生产敦水间歇催化湿式氧化试验，结果表明，该法处理高浓度有有毒有机废水是有效的。在试验条件下，ＣＯＤ去除率达８０％。反应温度对处理效果影响最大，铜系催化剂具有较高的催化活性。     

溴氰菊酯对大鼠肝微粒体酶的影响

本实验研究了溴氰菊酯对雄性大鼠肝微粒体苯胺羟化酶活力和细胞色素P-450含量的影响。结果发现溴氰菊酯在动物体内能降低苯胺羟化酶活力(23.80％)和细胞色素P-450含量(21.18％)。该效应与微粒体脂质过氧化反应无关,亦与肝细胞破坏或内质网膜通透性的改变无关。溴氰菊酯本身对肝微粒体酶并不呈现抑制作用,当用肝微粒体酶诱导剂苯巴比妥诱导肝微粒体酶后,溴氰菊酯降低微粒体酶活性的效应消失。这表明溴氰菊酯降低肝微粒体酶的作用可能与其干扰肝微粒体酶蛋白的合成有关。     

久效磷对海洋微藻毒性机理的初步研究Ⅲ.超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的变化

报道了久效磷对３种海洋微藻细胞内２种清除活性氧的关键性酶———超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的影响．结果显示：１在久效磷的胁迫下，扁藻和三角褐指藻细胞的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性均表现出下降的总变化趋势，而叉鞭金藻细胞的ＳＯＤ活性时而上升，时而下降，在整个胁迫过程中呈现出无规律性的变化．２随着久效磷胁迫时间的延长，３种微藻细胞的过氧化物酶活性均逐渐下降，表现出相同的变化规律性．这说明不同的藻种，久效磷对其细胞内酶活性的影响不尽相同．推测超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性的降低是微藻细胞内过量产生活性氧，进而引起藻细胞膜脂过氧化伤害的主要原因之一．     

恶臭污染源环境影响评价要点问题探讨

针对城市恶臭发生源的无组织与无组织排放方式及臭气成分复杂且大多属复合臭气成分的特点,重点对恶臭源的监测、组分分析方法以及源强综合评价等关键问题进行了研究和总结。     

微波消解－ICP－AES法测底泥中的铜、镍等金属元素

采用微波消解－ICP－AES法测定底泥中的铜、镍等金属元素。通过实验和加标回收率的测定,回收率在88～102％之间。     

有机磷农药对海洋微藻致毒性的生物学研究 Ⅵ.对硫磷对4种海洋微藻的毒性效应

本文报道有机磷农药——对硫磷对４种海洋微藻的毒性效应。实验结果显示：（１）对硫磷对４种海洋微藻有较高的毒性，对藻细胞的生长和分裂有严重的抑制效应。（２）４种海洋微藻对对硫磷的耐受力有一定的差异，按由大到小的顺序依次为新月菱形藻＞盐藻＞金藻＞扁藻。（３）对硫磷能够引起叶绿素ａ的降解，随着浓度的提高，藻细胞叶绿素ａ的含量呈下降趋势。     

Overview of surface ozone variability in East Asia-North Pacific region during IGAC/APARE(1994—1996)

IntroductionDuringthelastdecade ,theEastAsiancontinentalrimregionhasbeencharacterizedbyhighanthropogenicemissionsduetotherapidindustrialization .Airpollutioninthisregionhascreatedmuchattentiontothescientistsovertheworld(Kato,1992 ;Akimoto ,1994a ;Aardenne…     

Methyl tertiary-butyl ether inhibits THP-1 macrophage cholesterol efflux in vitro and accelerates atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice in vivo

The biosafety of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), mainly used as a gasoline additive, has long been a contentious topic. In addition to its routine toxicities, MTBE has been demonstrated to disrupt glucose and lipid metabolism and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes as well as obesity. As one of the morbidities related to dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis is worthy of being investigated under MTBE exposure. Since foam cells derived from macrophages play pivotal roles during atherosclerosis development, we studied the effects of MTBE on macrophages in vitro and assessed the effect of MTBE on atherosclerosis plaque formation with the ApoE^?/? mouse model in vivo for the first time. Our results demonstrated that exposure to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations decreased the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, which are responsible for macrophage cholesterol efflux, at both mRNA and protein levels in THP-1 macrophages. Consequently, treatment with MTBE inhibited the transport of cholesterol from macrophages to High-density lipoprotein. ApoE^?/? mice exposed to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations (100, 1000 μg/kg) displayed significant increases in lesion area in the aorta and aortic root compared to vehicle-treated ones. Further analysis indicated that MTBE exposure enhanced the macrophage-specific marker Mac-2 contents within plaques in the aortic root, implying that MTBE could promote macrophage-derived foam cell formation and thus accelerate atherosclerosis plaque formation. We for the first time demonstrated the pro-atherogenic effect of MTBE via eliciting disruption of macrophage cholesterol efflux and accelerating foam cell formation and atherosclerosis plaque development.     

聚合铁的形态特征和凝聚-絮凝机理

以部分中和法从0.3MFeCl_3溶液制作不同OH/Fe值的聚合铁,进行各种物理化学特征鉴定,推断其水解-聚合产物形态,并进行混凝效能实验.OH/Fe在0—0.4阶段,含有低聚物.对本实验体系有甚高混凝效能.OH/Fe>0.4后.生成高聚物而电荷降低,混凝效能略有下降.OH/Fe>1.5后.生成物趋向于溶胶和沉淀物,混凝效能明显降低.讨论了聚合铁在不同OH/Fe值的凝聚-絮凝作用机理.