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排序方式: 共有127条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
W. L. Reichel S. K. Schmeling E. Cromartie T. E. Kaiser A. J. Krynitsky T. G. Lamont B. M. Mulhern R. M. Prouty C. J. Stafford D. M. Swineford 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1984,4(4):395-403
In 1978–81, 293 bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) from 32 states were necropsied and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and lead residues. DDE was found in all carcasses; PCB, DDD, trans-nonachlor, dieldrin and oxychlordane were next in order of percent frequency of detection. The median levels of DDE and PCB have declined when compared with previous collections. Five specimens contained high levels of dieldrin in their brains which may have contributed to their deaths. Seventeen eagles contained liver lead residues greater than 10 ppm and probably died of lead poisoning. Trauma and shooting are the most common causes of death. 相似文献
32.
Conventional types of municipal incinerators generate enormous quantities of stack gas because of high excess air and high temperatures. Under these conditions the size and cost of equipment to clean the flue gas to low dust contents are large. By burning the refuse in boiler furnaces at low excess air, and generating steam, the volume of flue gas to be cleaned is reduced to a minimum. Where high efficiency of flue-dust collection is required, steam generation from refuse firing permits a major saving on the cost of dust collection. 相似文献
33.
Richard T. Woodward Ronald A. Kaiser Aaron‐Marie B. Wicks 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(4):967-979
ABSTRACT: The use of transferable discharge permits in water pollution, what we will call water quality trading (WQT), is rapidly growing in the U.S. This paper reviews the current status of WQT nationally and discusses the structures of the markets that have been formed. Four main structures are observed in such markets: exchanges, bilateral negotiations, clearinghouses, and sole source offsets. The goals of a WQT program are environmental quality and cost effectiveness. In designing a WQT market, policy makers are constrained by legal restrictions and the physical characteristics of the pollution problem. The choices that must be made include how trading will be authorized, monitored and enforced. How these questions are answered will help determine both the extent to which these goals are achieved, and the market structures that can arise. After discussing the characteristics of different market structures, we evaluate how this framework applies in the case of California's Grassland Drainage Area Tradable Loads Program. 相似文献
34.
Tagne Rufis Fregue Tiegam Dong Xiaobin Anagho Solomon G. Kaiser Serena Ulgiati Sergio 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(10):14799-14826
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The use of fossil fuels in modern economies has been a success because of the low cost of fossil resources. However, the depletion of fossil reserves,... 相似文献
35.
K.M. Thiessen K.G. Andersson B. Batandjieva J.-J. Cheng W.T. Hwang J.C. Kaiser S. Kamboj M. Steiner J. Tomás D. Trifunovic C. Yu 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
The Urban Remediation Working Group of the International Atomic Energy Agency's EMRAS (Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety) program was organized to address issues of remediation assessment modelling for urban areas contaminated with dispersed radionuclides. The present paper describes the second of two modelling exercises. This exercise was based on a hypothetical dispersal of radioactivity in an urban area from a radiological dispersal device, with reference surface contamination at selected sites used as the primary input information. Modelling endpoints for the exercise included radionuclide concentrations and external dose rates at specified locations, contributions to the dose rates from individual surfaces, and annual and cumulative external doses to specified reference individuals. Model predictions were performed for a “no action” situation (with no remedial measures) and for selected countermeasures. The exercise provided an opportunity for comparison of three modelling approaches, as well as a comparison of the predicted effectiveness of various countermeasures in terms of their short-term and long-term effects on predicted doses to humans. 相似文献
36.
Robert Gifford Leila Scannell Christine Kormos Lidia Smolova Anders Biel Stefan Boncu Victor Corral Hartmut Güntherf Kazunori Hanyu Donald Hine Florian G. Kaiser Kalevi Korpela Luisa Marie Lima Angela G. Mertig Ricardo Garcia Mira Gabriel Moser Paola Passafaro José Q. Pinheiro Sunil Saini Toshihiko Sako Elena Sautkina Yannick Savina Peter Schmuck Wesley Schultz Karin Sobeck Eva-Lotta Sundblad David Uzzell 《Journal of environmental psychology》2009
The personal assessments of the current and expected future state of the environment by 3232 community respondents in 18 nations were investigated at the local, national, and global spatial levels. These assessments were compared to a ranking of each country's environmental quality by an expert panel. Temporal pessimism (“things will get worse”) was found in the assessments at all three spatial levels. Spatial optimism bias (“things are better here than there”) was found in the assessments of current environmental conditions in 15 of 18 countries, but not in the assessments of the future. All countries except one exhibited temporal pessimism, but significant differences between them were common. Evaluations of current environmental conditions also differed by country. Citizens' assessments of current conditions, and the degree of comparative optimism, were strongly correlated with the expert panel's assessments of national environmental quality. Aside from the value of understanding global trends in environmental assessments, the results have important implications for environmental policy and risk management strategies. 相似文献
37.
Damage, autotomy and arm regeneration in starfish caught by towed demersal fishing gears 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K. Ramsay M. Bergmann L. O. Veale C. A. Richardson M. J. Kaiser S. J. Vize S. W. Feist 《Marine Biology》2001,138(3):527-536
Arm damage and loss were examined in the starfish Asterias rubens that had been caught in a variety of towed commercial fishing gears deployed on different sea bed types. Between 7% and 38%
of the starfish in each catch lost one or more arms, and arm loss was positively correlated with the volume of the catch for
two of the fishing gears examined. Subsequent monitoring of damaged animals showed that arms were autotomised for at least
3 weeks following capture. Mortality was highest in starfish with damaged or missing arms, compared with those that appeared
intact after fishing. Arm regeneration was delayed in a small proportion of the animals caught by commercial gears. In a parallel
study, 17% of starfish caught by a 4 m beam trawl had a damaged ambulacral ossicle at the point of autotomy (cf. none from
a control group that were induced to autotomise under controlled conditions). There was no difference in regeneration rates
between the animals caught by commercial gears and a control set (caught by a small trawl and forced to autotomise an arm
in the laboratory) once the animals that delayed regeneration were excluded from the dataset. After 1 year under laboratory
conditions the starfish had, on average, regenerated the missing arm to 75% of the length of the other four arms. During this
time period the lengths of the undamaged arms increased by ca. 50%. The implications of this study for using arm loss in starfish
as an indicator of fishing disturbance are discussed.
Received: 16 August 2000 / Accepted: 20 October 2000 相似文献
38.
The autotomy of body parts as a means of escaping predation or renewing damaged tissues has evolved in a number of animal groups. Starfishes are unique in that they can autotomise >75% of their body mass and continue to survive. Presumably, multiple autotomy of tissue has energetic costs in terms of potential fitness and may affect the allocation of energy reserves accordingly. We investigated arm autotomy, predatory capabilities and subsequent regeneration in common starfish, Asterias rubens, that were induced to lose one, two or three arms. Initially, both regeneration of autotomised arms and the rate of growth of intact arms was slowest in animals that had lost the most arms (i.e. three arms missing vs two arms missing vs one arm missing). However, 8 months later, the growth of intact arms since the start of the experiment was not significantly different between groups of starfish that had autotomised different numbers of arms. However, the average dry weight per regnerating arm was significantly higher in starfish that had autotomised the most arms. Arm loss decreased the ability of starfish to open mussels and those that had autotomised two arms were significantly less likely to feed successfully on a mussel in a 24-h period than intact starfish. Our data suggest that proportionally more energy is allocated to arm regeneration in starfish that have suffered multiple arm loss and this may compensate a potential decrease in fitness that results from decreased feeding capability. 相似文献
39.
Matthew Wagner Ronald Kaiser Urs Kreuter Neal Wilkins 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(3):698-711
Abstract: As nearly all of Texas’ rural lands are privately owned, landowner associations for the management of white‐tailed deer and ground‐water have become increasingly popular. Deer are a common‐pool resource with transboundary characteristics, requiring landowner cooperation for effective management. Ground‐water reserves are economically important to landowners, but are governed by the “rule of capture” whereby property rights are not defined. One ground‐water association and four wildlife management associations (WMAs) were surveyed to characterize their member demographics, land use priorities, attitudes, and social capital. Members of the ground‐water cooperative were part of a much larger, more heterogeneous, and more recently formed group than members of WMAs. They also placed greater importance on utilitarian aspects of their properties, as opposed to land stewardship for conservation as practiced by members of WMAs. If ground‐water association members could be more locally organized with more frequent meetings, social capital and information sharing may be enhanced and lead to land stewardship practices for improved hydrologic functions and sustained ground‐water supply. This, coupled with pumping rules assigned by the local ground‐water district, could yield an effective strategy that is ecologically and hydrologicaly sound, and that allows rural provision of water supply to urban consumers. 相似文献
40.