环境影响综合评价灰色层次模型研究

针对水电工程环境影响综合评价问题，应用拓展的灰关联理论和最小二乘准则，建立了环境影响综合评价的灰色层次模型。以东江水电工程环境影响综合评价为实例说明了该模型的合理性、可信性。结果表明：此基工程使环境总体向理想的１８．１％     

Monitoring and identification of spatiotemporal landscape changes in multiple remote sensing images by using a stratified conditional Latin hypercube sampling approach and geostatistical simulation

This study develops a stratified conditional Latin hypercube sampling (scLHS) approach for multiple, remotely sensed, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images. The objective is to sample, monitor, and delineate spatiotemporal landscape changes, including spatial heterogeneity and variability, in a given area. The scLHS approach, which is based on the variance quadtree technique (VQT) and the conditional Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS) method, selects samples in order to delineate landscape changes from multiple NDVI images. The images are then mapped for calibration and validation by using sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) with the scLHS selected samples. Spatial statistical results indicate that in terms of their statistical distribution, spatial distribution, and spatial variation, the statistics and variograms of the scLHS samples resemble those of multiple NDVI images more closely than those of cLHS and VQT samples. Moreover, the accuracy of simulated NDVI images based on SGS with scLHS samples is significantly better than that of simulated NDVI images based on SGS with cLHS samples and VQT samples, respectively. However, the proposed approach efficiently monitors the spatial characteristics of landscape changes, including the statistics, spatial variability, and heterogeneity of NDVI images. In addition, SGS with the scLHS samples effectively reproduces spatial patterns and landscape changes in multiple NDVI images.     

2015~2021年青藏高原地表臭氧时空变化及驱动因素分析

基于青藏高原12个城市2015~2021年的大气污染监测数据和气象数据,分析了青藏高原地表臭氧（O₃）时空分布格局. 采用KZ滤波将O₃-8h原始序列分解为不同时间尺度的分量,并利用气象变量的多元线性回归定量地分离出气象和排放的影响. 结果表明,2015~2021年青藏高原12个城市地表ρ（O₃-8h）均值为78.7~156.7 μg·m^-3,O₃浓度超标率（国家二级标准）为0.7%~1.5%. O₃-8h月浓度变化呈单峰倒“V”型和多峰“M”型,浓度峰值出现在4~7月,谷值多出现在7月、 9月和12月. 经KZ滤波分解的O₃-8h短期、季节和长期分量对12个城市O₃-8h原始序列总方差的贡献率分别为29.6%、 51.4%和9.1%. 从整个区域看,2015~2017年气象条件对青藏高原O₃降低不利,使得O₃-8h长期分量升高0.2~2.1 μg·m^-3. 2018~2021年气象有利于O₃浓度降低,导致O₃-8h长期分量降低0.4~1.1 μg·m^-3. 气象条件增加了阿里、拉萨、那曲、林芝、昌都、海西和西宁的O₃-8h长期分量,其平均贡献率为30.1%. 气象条件降低了日喀则和果洛的O₃-8h长期分量,贡献率分别为359.0%和56.5%. 阿里、日喀则、那曲、海西和西宁O₃-8h长期分量的上升可能是由于PM_2.5长期分量快速下降[4.04 μg·（m³·a）^-1]导致.     

活性污泥法处理矿区生活污水剩余污泥量探讨

由于矿区生活污水中有机污染物浓度较低,采用活性污泥法处理工艺,有机污染物在生物氧化池内得到较彻底地降解,剩余污泥量少,每千吨生活污水产生剩余污泥量为2～3t。     

树脂吸附-Fenton试剂氧化法处理水杨醛生产废水

采用树脂吸附-Fenton试剂氧化法处理水杨醛生产废水。XF-01树脂和XF-02树脂静态吸附水杨醛生产废水时,COD去除率均在85％以上,挥发酚去除率均高于90％。XF-02树脂对水杨醛生产废水的处理效果更佳。动态吸附随废水流量增大,吸附出水的COD和挥发酚质量浓度均增加。适宜的废水流量为15BV,树脂的最佳脱附温度为80℃。在连续4批的吸附-脱附实验中,吸附出水的平均COD约为1200mg／L,平均挥发酚质量浓度小于10mg／L。在Fenton试剂氧化中,铁屑和铁粉的催化效果差别很小,都好于FeSO4·7H2O。以铁屑为催化剂、H2O2溶液加入量为1％时,氧化出水的COD小于150mg／L,挥发酚质量浓度小于0．5mg／L。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) deposition to and exchange at the air-water interface of Luhu, an urban lake in Guangzhou, China

Urban lakes are vulnerable to the accumulation of semivolatile organic compounds, such as PAHs from wet and dry atmospheric deposition. Little was reported on the seasonal patterns of atmospheric deposition of PAHs under Asian monsoon climate. Bulk (dry + wet) particle deposition, air-water diffusion exchange, and vapour wet deposition of PAHs in a small urban lake in Guangzhou were estimated based on a year-round monitoring. The total PAH particle deposition fluxes observed were 0.44-3.46 μg m⁻² day⁻¹. The mean air-water diffusive exchange flux was 20.7 μg m⁻² day⁻¹. The vapour deposition fluxes of PAHs ranged 0.15-8.26 μg m⁻² day⁻¹. Remarkable seasonal variations of particulate PAH deposition, air-water exchange fluxes and vapour wet deposition were influenced by seasonal changes in meteorological parameters. The deposition fluxes were predominantly controlled by the precipitation intensity in wet season whereas by atmospheric concentration in dry season.     

多孔硅酸钙滤料吸附床除磷试验研究

以多孔硅酸钙滤料为吸附载体处理含磷的二沉池出水.通过静态吸附试验和动态吸附试验,研究了滤料粒径及投加量、初始pH、反应时间、温度以及滤料填充高度对除磷效果的影响.在静态吸附试验中,取初始磷质量浓度为4.98 mg/L的含磷废水100 mL,当多孔硅酸钙滤料粒径为4～14目,投加量为1.0g,吸附时间为2.5h,温度为25℃,溶液初始pH为7.0～9.0时,磷的去除率可达95％以上,出水磷满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)的一级A标准(≤0.5 mg/L).动态吸附试验表明,在长期运行条件下,多孔硅酸钙滤料吸附床能持续有效地去除污水中的磷,综合考虑吸附率和运行费用,选择水力停留时间为30 min,滤料填充高度为60 cm为宜.     

Adsorption of Pb(II) on variable charge soils amended with rice-straw derived biochar

Two Ultisols and one Oxisol from tropical regions of southern China were incubated with rice straw biochar to investigate the effect of biochar on their surface charge and Pb(II) adsorption using batch methods. The incorporation of biochar induced a remarkable increase in soil cation exchange capacity after 30 d of incubation. The incorporation of biochar significantly increased the adsorption of Pb(II) by these variable charge soils; the enhancement of adsorption of Pb(II) by these soils increased with the addition level of biochar. Adsorption of Pb(II) involved both electrostatic and non-electrostatic mechanisms; however, biochar mainly increased Pb(II) adsorption through the non-electrostatic mechanism via the formation of surface complexes between Pb²⁺ and functional groups on biochar. There was greater enhancement of biochar on the non-electrostatic adsorption of Pb(II) by the variable charge soils at relatively low pH. Therefore, the incorporation of biochar decreased the activity and availability of Pb(II) to plants through increased non-electrostatic adsorption of Pb(II) by acidic variable charge soils.     

Influence of clay minerals on the reduction of Cr6+ by citric acid

The influence of clay minerals on the reduction of Cr6+ by citric acid was investigated at pH values 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 at 25 degrees C. The results indicate that montmorillonite and illite greatly accelerate the reduction reactions at pH 4.0 and 4.5, but their effects are dramatically reduced at pH 5.0. The role of clay minerals in accelerating the reactions is in the order: illite>montmorillonite>kaolinite, which has a positive correlation with the amount of Mn2+ adsorbed on the surfaces of these minerals. With light, Fe(3+) also significantly increases reaction rates. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) greatly suppresses the acceleration of the reduction reactions by these minerals, indicating that EDTA competes with citric acid for Mn2+. Thus, the formation of complexes between Mn(2+) and citric acid could be a prerequisite for the acceleration of the reductions of Cr6+ by clay minerals. In addition, there is no relationship between the specific surface area of clay minerals and the reduction rate of Cr6+ by citric acid.     

江苏省一次典型沙尘污染过程分析

2021年4月16日至4月18日江苏省经历了一次受沙尘影响的重污染过程.本次过程沙源地为蒙古国中南部及中国内蒙古中西部地区,在蒙古气旋后部西北大风影响下,沙尘气团自西北向东南影响了中国多个省市和地区.江苏省自16日起逐渐受到沙尘过程影响,苏北城市ρ(PM10)从凌晨开始迅速升高,浓度最高达569μg/m3,空气质量达严...