安徽某铁矿酸性矿山废水夏季和秋季微生物群落结构特征

分别采集了夏秋两季安徽某铁矿的酸性矿山废水样品,分析其物理化学参数,并利用分子生物学方法研究了该酸性矿山废水中微生物群落结构随时间和空间的变化规律.结果表明:该矿山废水酸性极强,夏季所采样品pH在2.80左右,且阴阳离子含量很高,Al~(3+)为1108~1138mg·L~(-1),SO_4~(2-)则高达19.80~23.79 g·L~(-1).秋季样品p H没有明显变化,但由于两次采样期间的大量降水,样品中各离子含量明显低于夏季.值得注意的是,该极端酸性的矿山废水中叶绿素a含量较高,夏季达63.8~94.2μg·L~(-1),秋季则降至16.6~32.7μg·L~(-1).无论是在夏季还是秋季,Alphaproteobacteria在绝大多数位点的细菌群落中占据着优势地位.化能异养菌Acidiphilium是最主要的细菌菌属,它在夏季和秋季各位点群落中所占比例都达20%左右,这应该与其丰富的代谢方式有关.对于真核微生物群落,夏季主要为尖毛虫和小球藻,秋季主要为棕鞭藻和小球藻.小球藻是该酸性生态系统主要的生产者,尖毛虫和棕鞭藻则扮演着顶级消费者的角色.该酸性废水应处于酸水形成末期,所以细菌群落中化能异养菌占据着优势地位,化能自养菌比例较少.由于温度等理化性质的不同,微生物群落结构随时间和空间发生了一定变化,其中以真核微生物群落结构变化最为显著.     

固定床活性炭干法烟气脱硫过程的模拟研究

采用流程模拟软件对固定床活性炭干法烟气脱硫过程进行模拟,并用已公开发表的文献实验数据进行了模型验证。模型验证结果与文献值吻合较好。利用该模型对活性炭干法烟气脱硫过程进行模拟研究,探讨了脱硫过程中床层高度、进口烟气中SO_2质量浓度、吸附温度等工艺参数对SO_2脱除率的影响。模拟结果表明:随床层高度增加,SO_2脱除率提高;随进口烟气中SO_2质量浓度增加,SO_2脱除率提高;在吸附温度为100~160℃的范围内,随吸附温度升高,SO_2脱除率逐渐下降。     

关于工业类建设项目设计阶段环境监理的探讨

工业类项目因其自身特点而成为环境监理的重点,环境监理工作主要分为设计阶段、施工阶段和试生产阶段,鉴于项目设计阶段在工业类环境监理工作中的重要作用,论述了工业类项目设计阶段环境监理的依据和要点.通过环境监理单位在实际项目设计阶段环境监理过程中发现和解决问题的案例,对工业类项目设计阶段的环境监理工作的作用进行了分析和总结.同时,对小型项目单独开展设计阶段环境监理以及环境监理工作的及早介入等提出了展望.     

海州湾岩芯沉积物重金属污染评价和来源分析

运用富集系数等多种评价方法和多变量分析方法对海州湾潮滩HZ02岩芯沉积物的7种重金属（Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Pb）进行了污染生态风险评估和金属来源识别。结果表明,海州湾潮滩岩芯沉积物重金属平均浓度分别为Cr（92.56×10-6）、Mn（1492.02×10-6）、Ni（48.01×10-6）、Cu（40.24×10-6）、Zn（116.23×10-6）、As（17.98×10-6）和Pb（44.98×10-6）,其平均浓度由大到小的顺序为:Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > As。7种重金属浓度在1980年后开始逐渐上升,1985~1990年为低峰值,1990年后呈快速上升趋势。海州湾潮滩沉积物7种重金属在5种评价方法评估中均表现为轻度至中度污染。多变量分析结果表明重金属分三类:第一类为重金属Cr、Ni、Cu和Zn,可能来自工业和城市污染的排放,第二类为重金属Mn和As,可能来自农业污染,第三类为Pb,可能来源于海港交通。     

Early detection and evaluation of waste through sensorized containers for a collection monitoring application

The present study describes a novel application for use in the monitoring of municipal solid waste, based on distributed sensor technology and geographical information systems. Original field testing and evaluation of the application were carried out in Pudong, Shanghai (PR China).The local waste management system in Pudong features particular requirements related to the rapidly increasing rate of waste production. In view of the fact that collected waste is currently deployed to landfills or to incineration plants within the context investigated, the key aspects to be taken into account in waste collection procedures include monitoring of the overall amount of waste produced, quantitative measurement of the waste present at each collection point and identification of classes of material present in the collected waste. The case study described herein focuses particularly on the above mentioned aspects, proposing the implementation of a network of sensorized waste containers linked to a data management system.Containers used were equipped with a set of sensors mounted onto standard waste bins. The design, implementation and validation procedures applied are subsequently described. The main aim to be achieved by data collection and evaluation was to provide for feasibility analysis of the final device. Data pertaining to the content of waste containers, sampled and processed by means of devices validated on two purpose-designed prototypes, were therefore uploaded to a central monitoring server using GPRS connection. The data monitoring and management modules are integrated into an existing application used by local municipal authorities.A field test campaign was performed in the Pudong area. The system was evaluated in terms of real data flow from the network nodes (containers) as well as in terms of optimization functions, such as collection vehicle routing and scheduling. The most important outcomes obtained were related to calculations of waste weight and volume. The latter data were subsequently used as parameters for the routing optimization of collection trucks and material density evaluation.     

A signal-amplified whole-cell biosensor for sensitive detection of Hg2+ based on Hg2+-enhanced reporter module

A signal-amplified mercury sensing biosensor with desired sensitivity was developed through firstly using the GFP mutant with fluorescence increasing response towards Hg²⁺ as the reporter module. The developed biosensor showed response for Hg²⁺ in a relatively wide range of 1–10,000 nmol/L, and the detection limit was improved one or two orders of magnitude in comparison with most metal-sensing biosensors in similar constructs. In addition, the biosensor could distinguish Hg²⁺ easily from multiple metal ions and displayed strong adaptability to extensive pH conditions (pH 4.0–10.0). More importantly, the developed biosensor was able to provide an initial assessment of Hg²⁺ spiked in the environmental water with the recoveries between 85.70% and 112.50%. The signal-amplified strategy performed by the modified reporter module will be widely applicable to many other whole-cell biosensors, meeting the practical requirements with sufficient sensing performance.     

CaCu3Ti4O12, an efficient catalyst for ibuprofen removal by activation of peroxymonosulfate under visible-light irradiation

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Contamination of waters by pharmaceuticals is a major health issue. Therefore, there is a need for efficient techniques to remove pharmaceutical pollutants. Here,...     

Synthesis of a three-dimensional network sodium alginate–poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite hydrogel with good mechanic property and reusability for efficient adsorption of Cu2+ and Pb2+

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Water pollution caused by heavy metals has dramatically impacted ecosystems in recent years. For instance, 45.4% of lakes in China are in the category of moderate...     

A novel humidity regulating material hydrothermally synthetized from concrete waste

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - To promote the recycling of construction wastes, a low temperature (≤ 200 ℃) hydrothermal technology for solidifying...     

Nutrient removal from biogas slurry and biogas upgrading by microalgae-fungi-bacteria co-cultivation under different carbon nanotubes concentration

In this study, Chlorella vulgaris, Ganoderma lucidum, and endophytic bacteria were co-cultivated with the stimulation of strigolactone analogs GR24 to prepare pellets. During the purification of biogas slurry and biogas, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were introduced to enhance the removal efficiencies of nutrients and CO₂. The results showed that both GR24 and MWCNTs affected the purification of biogas slurry and biogas. The maximum chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and CO₂ removal efficiencies of the Chlorella vulgaris-Ganoderma lucidum-endophytic bacterial symbionts were 82.57 ± 7.96% (P < 0.05), 82.14 ± 7.87% (P < 0.05), 84.27 ± 7.96% (P < 0.05), and 63.93 ± 6.22% (P < 0.05), respectively, with the induction of 10⁻⁹ M GR24 and 1 mg L⁻¹ MWCNTs. Moreover, the growth and photosynthetic performance of the symbionts were consistent with the removal effects. The Chlorella vulgaris-Ganoderma lucidum-endophytic bacterial symbionts obtained high growth rates and enzyme activity with the maximum growth rate of 0.365 ± 0.03 d⁻¹, mean daily productivity of 0.182 ± 0.016 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹, and carbonic anhydrase activity of 31.07 ± 2.75 units, respectively. These results indicated that an appropriate concentration of GR24 and MWCNTs could promote the growth of symbionts, reinforce the purification effects of biogas slurry and biogas, and provide a new idea for the simultaneous purification of wastewater and biogas.