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991.
开口闭塞表现及其临界值判别是桩林泥石流拦砂坝设计中的关键因素,然而目前国内外对桩林坝的相关研究还较少.通过开展桩林坝拦截泥石流试验,分析了泥石流重度、坝体排数、排间距、横向开口宽度等因素对桩林坝闭塞表现的影响.研究表明:桩林坝闭塞存在全闭塞、半闭塞、不闭塞三种类型.泥石流重度与桩林坝闭塞度呈正相关关系.当桩林排数从一排增加至两排时闭塞度有较大提高.排间距、开口宽度与桩林坝闭塞度成负相关关系.基于试验数据及多元回归分析提出了桩林坝闭塞度的经验计算公式.同时提出了桩林坝拦截泥石流临界综合闭塞判据F,当F≤8.1时,桩林坝表现为全闭塞类型;8.1<F<27.5时,桩林坝表现为半闭塞类型;F≥27.5时,桩林坝表现为不闭塞类型. 相似文献
992.
993.
地下水中石油类污染物运移模拟研究* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对我国北方某油田的地下水特点,通过室内土柱模拟实验与数值模型模拟研究了石油类污染物随地下水运移的状况。模拟结果表明,地下水石油类污染物浓度随时间变化曲线总体上呈S型;污染前期地下水中污染物浓度增加较快,随着浓度的不断累积,后期浓度增加缓慢。计算结果显示,在50m处石油类污染物首次超过浓度限值的时间为586d,1000m处石油类污染物首次超过浓度限值的时间为12590d,污染过程表现出一定的滞后性。可见,吸附作用对石油类污染物迁移的影响很大,阻滞和延迟了污染物的迁移。 相似文献
994.
The circular economy (CE) concept was introduced in China to address environmental degradation and resource scarcity associated with rapid economic development. Chosen as a demonstration city, Dalian has implemented the CE strategy as a means of conserving water, materials, energy and land. This paper outlines some of the regional CE initiatives that have been successful to date in Dalian, including those focusing on conserving energy and water resources and others focusing on reduced industrial emissions. The paper details the approach used in implementing the CE concept in Dalian, tracing the foci and goals of the program, and the sectoral approach used to implement a CE. Although Dalian municipality has achieved many successes in implementing a CE, our paper identifies several challenges that, until recently, have held back complete implementation. These include: the lack of incentives for older industries to 'green' their operations, the lack of financial support to expand the CE concept, and a broad-based need for heightened public awareness and participation in CE initiatives. Our paper then identifies several responses by Dalian municipality to overcome these challenges, including pricing and tax reforms that serve as conservation incentives, the provision of financial support for CE promotion through budget reorganization, and the organization of CE training programs. Our paper concludes that, although CE initiatives have been successful in Dalian, more is possible and more is needed before Dalian can be designated a true 'eco-city'. The approach used by Dalian can provide guidance for other Chinese cities, although it is recognized that each city must tailor its own approach for differing contexts and conditions. 相似文献
995.
Thermal behavior characteristics of Adhesive residue 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xuguang Jiang Chunyu Li Yong Chi Jianhua Yan 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(11):2824-2829
Solid wastes from organic Adhesive production are identified as toxicant hazardous wastes in China’s National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes. The aim of this study is analyzing the thermal behavior of Adhesive residue. Its pyrolysis and combustion characteristics were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Experiments were carried out in the temperature range of 50–950 °C in both nitrogen and air. The results indicate that combustion under these experimental conditions largely occurs between 210 and 410 °C, whereas pyrolysis proceeds between 260 and 430 °C. Almost all weight lost takes place before 430 °C during both pyrolysis and combustion of the residue. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize the emission characteristics during pyrolysis. When the sample is heated in an inert atmosphere, the evolution of volatiles starts around 260 °C, and reaches a peak rate at 394 °C. Most organic products evolve in a narrow temperature range during pyrolysis. The evolving gaseous products were identified as Butyraldehyde, Ether, Acetonitrile and CO2, accompanied with some CO. 相似文献
996.
The pyrolysis characteristics of six representative organic components of municipal solid waste (MSW) and their mixtures were studied in a specially designed thermogravimetric analysis apparatus with a maximum recorded heating rate of 864.8 degrees Cmin(-1). The pyrolysis behavior of individual components was described by the Avrami-Erofeev equation. The influence of final temperature on individual components was studied, and it was concluded that final temperature was a factor in reaction speed and intensity, but that it played only a limited role in determining the reaction mechanism. The interactions between different components were evaluated, and it was concluded that the interaction between homogeneous materials was minimal, whereas the interaction between polyethylene and biomass was significant. 相似文献
997.
Sung Mo Son Uk Yeong Kim Ik Sang Shin Yong Kang Suk Hwan Kang Byung Tae Yoon Myung Jae Choi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(2):138-143
The characteristics of bubble properties and the chaotic flow behavior of gas were investigated in an annular fluidized bed
(0.102 m in inner diameter and 2 m in height) because the behavior of gas flow in such a reactor is one of the important factors
governing reactor operation, reactor performance, and the reaction itself. Pressure fluctuations as a state variable for the
analysis of gas flow behavior were measured and analyzed. Bubble properties were determined by adopting the cross-correlation
function of pressure fluctuations. The resultant chaotic flow behavior of gas was interpreted by means of chaotic parameters
such as the Kolmogorov entropy. It was found that the Kolmogorov entropy could be utilized effectively to explain the nonlinear
dynamic behavior of gas-solid flow in the annular fluidized bed. The pierced length and rising velocity of bubbles increased
with increasing gas velocity, bed temperature, and particle size of the bed material. The bubble frequency increased with
increasing gas velocity and bed temperature, while it decreased with increasing particle size of the bed material. Correlations
to predict the bubble properties in annular fluidized-bed reactors were suggested. 相似文献
998.
Dae Hyun Ryu HyungJun Kim Keehong Um 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2009,22(6):1020-1024
In this paper, we show the need for improved Process Control System (PCS) security, and describe some of the promising research areas in PCS security. One implementation of PCS in critical infrastructure and factory automation is a supervisory, control, and data acquisition (SCADA) system, a real-time industrial process control system which centrally monitors and controls remote and/or local processes utilizing plant, equipment, or devices (such as switches, valves, pumps, relays, etc.) while collecting and logging field data. Current SCADA systems are distributed, networked, and dependent on open protocols for the internet, which are exposed to remote cyber terrorism. They are particularly vulnerable to unauthorized access. We give some examples of SCADA processes with natural gas control systems in USA and the Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) in Korea. We also examine a representative vulnerability and corresponding measures for security, and present an example of concrete measures for the security of mass transportation as a critical infrastructure. 相似文献
999.
室内空气质量的好坏具有不确定性的特点,以前对室内空气品质的评价多采用客观评价方法,显然这种方法存在很大的弊端.集对分析是处理不确定性问题的新的系统理论方法.利用该理论,以室内空气质量为评价因子,提出了民用建筑室内空气质量新的评价方法.经过验证,该方法既充分考虑了人的主观感受,又兼顾了客观评价,是一种更加理想的室内空气品质评价方法. 相似文献
1000.