哌嗪氨基二硫代甲酸型螯合树脂的合成及其吸附性能

用哌嗪和二硫化碳反应合成氨基二硫代甲酸中间体，再与二卤代烃反应得到1，4-双(二硫代酯基)哌嗪聚合物，考察了中间体和螯合树脂对Ag^ ，Cu^2 ，Zn^2 ，Ni^2 ，CO^2 ，Pb^2 ，Pd^2 ，Cr^3 的静态吸附性能，结果表明，两者均可以吸附金属离子，缩聚后的螯合树脂具有更强的吸附能力。     

盐碱胁迫对水稻主要生育性状的影响

对7个水稻品种(品系)和苏打盐碱土(pH6．5～19．81)进行盆栽试验，探讨了盐碱胁迫对水稻株高、秆长、分蘖和抽穗期等主要生育性状的影响。结果表明，盐碱胁迫使水稻株高降低、秆长缩短，且盐碱度越大，降低幅度越大；盐碱胁迫使水稻单株分蘖力明显下降，使分蘖高峰明显推迟或不出现分蘖高峰；水稻抽穗期随着盐碱度的提高，其延长的天数越长，并且发现不耐盐碱的早熟品种比耐盐碱的中晚熟品种抽穗晚；水稻成熟期的株高或秆长不宜作为衡量其耐盐碱强弱的主要指标，只能作为一般参考指标。水稻单株分蘖力(茎蘖数)和抽穗期存在明显的基因型差异，是衡量水稻耐盐碱强弱的良好指标。盐碱地种稻应重视选择单株分蘖力较强的耐盐碱品种，这对提高单位面积的有效穗数具有十分重要的意义。     

贺兰山高山草甸生物多样性和地上生物量的关系

在对贺兰山高山草甸进行群落调查的基础上,研究高山草甸生物多样性和地上生物量与环境因子之间的关系,进而分析生物多样性和地上生物量的关系.结果表明:(1)地上生物量主要与土层深度成正相关关系.(2)海拔高度与生物多样性成负相关关系,而其它影响物种丰富度或Shannon指数的环境因子仅在个别群落类型中起作用.(3)生物多样性与地上生物量主要呈单峰曲线关系.     

构建和谐的图书借阅环境

在构建社会主义和谐社会的大环境下，在高等教育事业快速发展的新阶段，图书馆的管理与服务应该与时俱进，“以人为本”，尽可能地化解各种矛盾，全方位提高馆员的综合素质，努力构建和谐的图书借阅环境．     

生物多样性与城市景观生态建设

论述了生物多样性在城市景观中的重要作用，生物多样的现代城市中的衰落以及城市生物多样性保护与景观生态建设的关系，提出应将生物多样性保护计划同城市景观生态建设结合起来。     

西安地区土壤CO2 释放量和释放规律

根据碱溶液吸收法,对西安地区不同植被条件下土壤CO2释放量进行了昼夜观测,观测资料显示,西安地区各月份土壤CO2释放量在一昼夜内具有明显的变化,从当日上午到次日上午,CO2释放量表现出由低变高再变低的规律,土壤CO2释放量变化与温度变化具有相同的特征,但释放量的变化具有滞后性,相对于温度的变化滞后4－6h左右,温度是决定土壤CO2释放量昼夜变化规律的主要因素,它的升高和降低分别造成了土壤CO2和放量的增加和减少,不同植被条件下,土壤CO2释放量不同,林地释放量大于草地,草地释放量大于裸地,夜间12h释放量大于白天12h释放量。     

Indirect effect of nutrient accumulation intensified toxicity risk of metals in sediments from urban river network

The levels of metals in sediments of urban river ecosystems are crucial for aquatic environmental health and pollution assessment. Yet little is known about the interaction of nutrients with metals for environmental risks under contamination accumulation. Here, we combined hierarchical cluster, correlation, and principal component analysis with structural equation model (SEM) to investigate the pollution level, source, toxicity risk, and interaction associated with metals and nutrients in the sediments of a river network in a city area of East China. The results showed that the pollution associated with metals in sediments was rated as moderate degree of contamination load and medium-high toxicity risk in the middle and downstream of urban rivers based on contamination factor, pollution load index, and environmental toxicity quotient. The concentration of mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn) showed a significant correlation with toxic risks, which had more contribution to toxicity than other metals in the study area. Organic nitrogen and organic pollution index showed heavily polluted sediments in south of the study area. Though correlation analysis indicated that nutrients and metals had different input zones from anthropogenic sources in the urban river network, SEM suggested that nutrient accumulation indirectly intensified toxicity risk of metals by 13.6% in sediments. Therefore, we suggested the combined consideration of metal toxicity risk with nutrient accumulation, which may provide a comprehensive understanding to identify sediment pollution.

Toxicity rate of metals in sediments from urban river network indirectly intensified by nutrients accumulation

     

生物焦炭滴滤塔降解苯乙烯废气的中试启动研究

苯乙烯废气既是一种挥发性有机化合物（VOCs），又属于我国恶臭气体控制的范围之内。其作为一种化工原料和有机溶剂广泛应用于工业生产中。生物法处理有机废气具有运行费用低和没有二次污染等优点。采用焦炭填料滴滤塔对苯乙烯废气的处理进行了中试启动研究。启动过程中，进气浓度范围是50—114mg／m^3，去除率为30％～45％左右，最高可达90％左右。所采用的焦炭填料可以认为是一种环境友好型填料，废弃后可作为燃料，值得推广。     

曝气强度对膜污染的影响

混合液浓度的高低及其粒度分布特性是影响膜生物反应器膜污染的重要因素。在一定污泥浓度下,主要考察了曝气强度对污泥絮体粒度分布的影响,以及不同粒度下的膜污染特性。试验结果表明,曝气强度提高,可以起到减缓污泥颗粒在膜表面的沉积作用,但高的错流流速产生的剪切效应使得污泥颗粒变得琐碎,导致细小胶体粒子和溶解性部分增多,增加了膜孔吸附和堵塞的机会,加剧了膜污染的进程。膜污染速率在曝气强度提高初期阶段迅速降低,接着又随曝气强度增加而缓慢升高,在污泥质量浓度为8 g/L的试验条件下,对应的最适曝气强度为84 m3/(m2.h)。     

Anaerobic degradation of diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from river sediment in Taiwan

We investigated anaerobic degradation rates for three phthalate esters (PAEs), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), from river sediment in Taiwan. The respective anaerobic degradation rate constants for DEP, DBP, and DEHP were observed as 0.045, 0.074, and 0.027 1/day, with respective half-lives of 15.4, 9.4, and 25.7 days under optimal conditions of 30 °C and pH 7.0. Anaerobic degradation rates were enhanced by the addition of the surfactants brij 35 and triton N101 at a concentration of 1 critical micelle concentration (CMC), and by the addition of yeast extract. Degradation rates were inhibited by the addition of acetate, pyruvate, lactate, FeCl₃, MnO₂, NaCl, heavy metals, and nonylphenol. Our results indicate that methanogen, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and eubacteria are involved in the degradation of PAEs.