大豆过敏原P34蛋白基因检测技术与环境污染的关系研究

环境污染易引起大豆种植区域出现过敏原P34蛋白基因变异情况,当前蛋白基因检测方法不能满足检测需求,提出基于探针引物的大豆过敏原P34蛋白基因荧光PCR定量检测技术,针对大豆过敏原特异性基因P34蛋白基因序列进行设计;通过DNA提取、浓度测定,荧光定量PCR检测,实现大豆过敏原P34蛋白基因检测。实验结果表明,所提方法能够准确检测出包括环境污染区域在内的大豆食品过敏原P34蛋白基因成分,具有很好的应用前景,满足市场监督检测的需要。     

Cooperation between ligninolytic enzymes produced by superior mixed flora

Since the ability to degrade lignin with one kind of white-rot fungi or bacteria was very limited, superior mixed flora‘s ability to degrade lignin was investigated by an orthogonal experiment in this paper. The results showed that superior mixed flora reinforced the ability to degrade lignin, the degradation rates of both sample 9 and 10 were beyond 80% on the day 9. The cooperation between lignin peroxidase(LiP), Mn-dependent peroxidase(MnP) and laccase (Lac) for lignin degradation was also studied. By examining the activities of three enzymes produced by superior mixed flora, it was found that Lac was a key enzyme in the process of biological degradation of lignin but Lip was not; the enzyme activity ratios of Lac/MnP and Lac/LiP were significantly correlative with the degradation rate of lignin at the 0.01 level; and the ratio of MnP/LiP was an important factor affecting the degradation rate of lignin.     

论环境质量管理在线监控指挥系统建设

本文着重阐述在原有的“污染源在线监控系统”的基础上，通过架构更高层次的“环境质量管理在线监控指挥系统”，在环境监察行政执法上突破原有的“运动式”执法和宏观表面管理，实现在环境监察行政执法上的“点对点”数字化精确管理与在线指挥，在环境质量管理上突破原有的人工行政审批制，实现“以人为本”的环境质量管理电子政务行政许可制，以及由此带来环境质量管理理念、管理机制和环境监察行政执法工作模式的创新。提高行政效能，服务经济建设。     

净水工艺对饮用水生物稳定性控制的研究

利用现场中试装置,系统比较了预处理单元、常规处理单元及深度处理单元中可生物降解有机物BDOC和AOC的生成和去除特性.结果表明:常规工艺+活性炭过滤对CODMn的去除率仅能达到30%,无法有效保证出水水质要求,而常规工艺+臭氧活性炭可以很好地满足水质标准,去除率可达50%以上.以控制生物稳定性为目的时,氧化剂的投加会增加AOC和BDOC浓度,降低生物稳定性.不投加氧化剂,直接采用常规工艺+普通活性炭过滤可将出水AOC含量控制在50μg/L以下.但要实现对COD_Mn和生物稳定性的同时控制,常规工艺+臭氧+生物活性炭的工艺组合是本研究中的最佳工艺组合.     

Identifying water resources management strategies in adaptation to climate change under uncertainty

In this study, an integrated simulation-based allocation modeling system (ISAMS) is developed for identifying water resources management strategies in response to climate change. The ISAMS incorporates global climate models (GCMs), a semi-distributed land use-based runoff process (SLURP) model, and a multistage interval-stochastic programming (MISP) approach within a general framework. The ISAMS can not only handle uncertainties expressed as probability distributions and interval values but also reveal climate change impacts on water resources allocation under different projections of GCMs. The ISAMS is then applied to the Kaidu-kongque watershed with cold arid characteristics in the Tarim River Basin (the largest inland watershed basin in China) for demonstrating its efficiency. Results reveal that different climate change models corresponding to various projections (e.g., precipitation and temperature) would lead to changed water resources allocation patterns. Variations in water availability and demand due to uncertainties could result in different water allocation targets and shortages. A variety of decision alternatives about water allocations adaptive to climate change are generated under combinations of different global climate models and ecological water release plans. These findings indicate that understanding the uncertainties in water resources system, building adaptive methods for generating sustainable water allocation patterns, and taking actions for mitigating water shortage problems are key adaptation strategies responding to climate change.     

白洋淀的纤毛虫及与水质污染的关系

对白洋淀纤毛虫的种类组成、优势种进行了初步调查，同时对水质进行理化监测，共鉴定出纤毛虫４８种。根据Ｍａｒｓｓｏｎ引出的污水生物体系法分析，白洋淀纤毛虫主要由耐有机污染的种群组成。说明白洋淀主要受有机污染。纤毛虫的种类数与水体中ＴＮ、ＴＰ、ＢＯＤ５有着密切关系。     

昌江核电站运营前附近海域总β放射性水平

在昌江核电站运营前,研究人员对其附近海域做了水质、沉积物和海洋生物总β放射性调查,并与我国其他海域及昌江核电站周围的陆地环境做了对比。结果表明:（1）海水样品总β比活度范围为0.040～0.074 Bq/L,平均值为0.054 Bq/L,与渤海、黄海、东海、南海近海、大亚湾核电站等海域相比,昌江核电站海域海水中总β放射性水平相对较低;（2）表层沉积物中总β比活度范围为257～925 Bq/kg,平均值为653 Bq/kg,研究海域沉积物中总β放射性水平与香港、青岛、阳江等海域水平相当;（3）海洋生物样品中总β比活度范围为8.7～63.8 Bq/kg,平均值为48.0 Bq/kg,海鱼类、虾类和贝类体内总β平均值分别为56.7 Bq/kg、63.4 Bq/kg和24.0 Bq/kg,鱼类和虾类明显大于贝类。本研究可为今后科学、合理地评价核电站运行对海洋环境的影响提供重要的数据支撑。     

Impact of meteorological condition changes on air quality and particulate chemical composition during the COVID-19 lockdown

Stringent quarantine measures during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown period (January 23, 2020 to March 15, 2020) have resulted in a distinct decrease in anthropogenic source emissions in North China Plain compared to the paralleled period of 2019. Particularly, 22.7% decrease in NO₂ and 3.0% increase of O₃ was observed in Tianjin, nonlinear relationship between O₃ generation and NO₂ implied that synergetic control of NO_x and VOCs is needed. Deteriorating meteorological condition during the COVID-19 lockdown obscured the actual PM_2.5 reduction. Fireworks transport in 2020 Spring Festival (SF) triggered regional haze pollution. PM_2.5 during the COVID-19 lockdown only reduced by 5.6% in Tianjin. Here we used the dispersion coefficient to normalize the measured PM_2.5 (DN-PM_2.5), aiming to eliminate the adverse meteorological impact and roughly estimate the actual PM_2.5 reduction, which reduced by 17.7% during the COVID-19 lockdown. In terms of PM_2.5 chemical composition, significant NO₃^? increase was observed during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, as a tracer of atmospheric oxidation capacity, odd oxygen (O_x = NO₂ + O₃) was observed to reduce during the COVID-19 lockdown, whereas relative humidity (RH), specific humidity and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) were observed with noticeable enhancement. Nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR) was observed to increase at higher specific humidity and ALWC, especially in the haze episode occurred during 2020SF, high air humidity and obvious nitrate generation was observed. Anomalously enhanced air humidity may response for the nitrate increase during the COVID-19 lockdown period.     

浏阳河长沙段CODMn、NH3-N和TP综合降解系数研究

采用现场水团追踪法,研究了浏阳河长沙段COD_Mn、NH₃-N和TP的综合降解系数与河段水流流速之间的相关关系,并通过河段历史水文和水质监测数据对所建立的相关方程进行了验证.结果表明,浏阳河长沙段COD_Mn、NH₃-N和TP的综合降解系数与流速之间呈明显的线性相关关系,相关方程形式分别为K（COD_Mn）=0.037+0.635v、K（NH₃-N）=0.059+0.315v和K（TP）=0.004+0.140v.所建立的线性相关方程对研究河段COD_Mn、NH₃-N和TP浓度预测结果的决定系数均大于0.90、相对均方根误差均小于0.10.受风浪作用、紊动水流和弯道环流的影响,当流速小于0.35m/s时,顺直河段的污染物综合降解系数均大于弯曲河段的污染物综合降解系数;当流速大于0.46m/s时,弯曲河段污染物综合降解系数均大于顺直河段的污染物综合降解系数.研究成果对浏阳河长沙段水质管理与水环境保护具有重要的参考价值.