Factors affecting HCH and DDT in soils around watersheds of Beijing reservoirs,China

The factors that influence the dynamics of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in soils around the watersheds of Beijing reservoirs were examined. Compared with other studies on HCH and DDT in soils and established reference values, the concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils around our study area were relatively low. The relationships between HCH and DDT concentrations and land use, soil texture, and soil properties were discussed. HCH and DDT concentrations were higher in arable soils than those in uncultivated fallow soils. Although land use was the most important factor affecting HCH and DDT residues, additional factors such as soil texture and soil total organic carbon were also involved in pesticide retention in soils. The results indicated that the historical agricultural applications of HCH and DDT were the major source of their residues. Atmospheric deposition, as well as long-distance transportation and inputs from surrounding weathered agricultural soils may also serve as important sources of HCH and DDT residues in the watersheds.     

Photolytical property of L(+)-α-phenylglycine in aqueous solution

A wide range of pharmaceutical compounds have been identified in the environment, and their existence is a topic of growing concern, both for human and ecological health. The work described here has investigated the photolytic properties of L(+)-α-phenylglycine (L-α-PG-H) in aqueous solution as it can be degraded by photo-catalysis. In 266 nm laser flash photolysis of aqueous solution of L-α-PG-H saturated with nitrogen, two transient absorption bands are observed at 280–330 nm and 450–800 nm, respectively, due to L-α-PG-H radical cation and hydrated electrons (e_aq⁻). Then e_aq⁻ reacts with L-α-PG-H to form the L-α-PG-H radical anion. Decaying rate constants of e_aq⁻ observed at 720 nm is to be 8.9 × 10⁸ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹. The rate constant for oxidation of L-α-PG-H by SO₄ ⁻ is calculated as 4.5 × 10⁸ and 4.3 × 10⁸ s⁻¹ mol⁻¹ dm³, respectively. The dissociation constants (pKa) of L-α-PG-H is 3. Excited triplet of L-α-PG-H in solution is formed by laser flash photolysis. The quench rate constant of L-α-PG-H excited triplet (k _s) is determined to be 1.3 × 10⁷ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹ and k ₀ is equal to 1.7 × 10⁵ s⁻¹.     

反向工程在工业领域的研究和应用

此文对反向工程的概念和特点进行了阐述,对它在工业领域的研究现状及其有关应用进行了论述,并提出了今后的研究方向和难点内容。     

氧化还原电位的研究及应用

氧化还原电位(Eh)是一个描述介质氧化还原性质相对程度的化学参数,根据Eh值可以直观的比较介质氧化还原性的强弱。氧化性强,Eh值较高;还原性强,Eh值较低。氧化还原电位的测定广泛应用于水处理、土壤环境监测、金属腐蚀、湿法冶金和资源勘探等领域。本文综述了氧化还原电位在常温常压环境和高温高压环境中众多领域的应用现状,并展望了高温高压水热环境中氧化还原电位原位监测的研究。     

Biodegradation of 3,5-dimethyl-2,4-dichlorophenol in saline wastewater by newly isolated Penicillium sp. yz11-22N2

In this study,the performance of 3,5-dimethyl-2,4-dichlorophenol(DCMX) degradation by a screened strain was investigated.18 S r DNA and the neighbor-joining method were used for identification of the isolated strain.The results of phylogenetic analysis and scanning electron micrographs showed that the most probable identity of the screened strain should be Penicillium sp.Growth characteristics of Penicillium sp.and degradation processes of DCMX were examined.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the inoculated DCMX solution was recorded,which supported the capacity of DCMX degradation by the screened Penicillium sp.Under different salinity conditions,the highest growth rate and removal efficiency for DCMX were obtained at p H 6.0.The removal efficiency decreased from 100%to 66% when the DCMX concentration increased from 5 to 60 mg/L,respectively.Using a Box–Behnken design,the maximum DCMX removal efficiency was determined to be 98.4%.With acclimation to salinity,higher removal efficiency could be achieved.The results demonstrate that the screened Penicillium sp.has the capability for degradation of DCMX.     

阜新市MODIS AOD与大气PM_(2.5)浓度相关性研究

利用卫星遥感MODIS数据研究区域大气PM_(2.5)浓度分布是环境管理的有效方法。获取美国国家航空航天局MODIS L1B1KM数据,采用暗目标法反演阜新市大气气溶胶厚度AOD数据;提取阜新市5个大气监测站点位2014年3月至5月、2015年3月至4月期间PM_(2.5)浓度数据进行相关性分析,建立PM_(2.5)浓度-AOD之间的线性、一元二次、对数函数、幂函数及指数函数5种相关性模型;引用湿度影响因子建立大气PM_(2.5)浓度订正模型,采用PM_(2.5)浓度订正模型、Peterson模型分别订正PM_(2.5)浓度及AOD标高,应用阜新市环保局5个监测点位2014年6~12月、2015年5~12月期间PM_(2.5)的月平均浓度进行模型检验。对比分析订正后的5种相关性模型拟合优度,检验结果表明:订正方法提高了PM_(2.5)浓度-AOD相关性;线性相关性模型R2为0.633 6,相对误差为12.41%,相对其他4种模型相对误差较小。利用阜新市大气AOD预测PM_(2.5)浓度具有良好环境指示意义。     

沸石负载壳聚糖对铬（Ⅵ）的吸附平衡和动力学研究

采用沸石负载壳聚糖作为吸附剂,对溶液中铬（Ⅵ）的吸附平衡和吸附动力学进行了研究。结果表明,溶液中铬（Ⅵ）在沸石负载壳聚糖上的等温吸附数据符合Freundlich模型;吸附体系属于物理吸附,吸附状态属于多层吸附;吸附行为符合二级速率方程。     

从IPCC第四次评估报告看全球气候变化及防灾减灾对策

本文介绍了IPCC第四次评估报告提出的全球气候变化情况,概述了全球气候变化的原因、影响和灾害,提出了相应的防灾减灾应对措施。     

江苏省太湖流域农村面源污染控制对策

太湖流域农村面源污染已成为影响太湖水环境的重要因素之一,为使太湖重现碧波美景,加强农村面源污染的控制势在必行。而目前在经济较为发达的江苏省太湖流域,农村的环境保护还面临着政策法规和环境管理机制不完善、缺乏稳定的长效投入、农民的环保意识淡薄、技术研究和推广的力度不够等问题。针对这些问题,必须从法律法规、管理机制、投入机制、技术创新、公众参与等方面入手,加强监督管理,切实建立农村环境保护的长效机制。     

大同盆地火山活动研究综述

大同火山群位于大同盆地的东部,是火山活动的典型遗存.从30年代开始,国内外学者对火山群进行了地貌背景等方面的研究,初步认定大同火山为第四纪火山.近年来,随着对火山活动时期研究的不断深入,火山活动的年代逐步精确.本文对大同火山的研究现状进行了简要概述,并提出了对大同火山研究的进一步思路.