下穿隧道对地铁车站结构地震反应的影响研究*

针对下穿隧道对临近地铁车站地震反应的影响问题,本文采用数值模拟方法,基于 ABAQUS 平台建立了隧道下穿大开地铁车站的整体三维非线性数值分析模型,通过改变地震动类型和隧道与车站结构的交叉净距,从结构构件的破坏比和竖向变形等角度,定量分析了不同工况下隧道下穿对车站结构地震反应的影响,并与单体大开车站原型结构的地震反应进行了对比。研究表明：下穿隧道会增大地铁车站结构中柱和侧墙的破坏比(相应的最大增幅：中柱为 35%,侧墙为 26%);同时,底板的竖向变形显著增大,最大增幅达到 100%;随着交叉净距的增大, 中柱和侧墙地震反应减小,而底板竖向沉降有所增大;下穿隧道对车站结构地震反应的影响范围约为隧道直径的 3 倍。研究成果对隧道近距离穿越地铁车站结构的设计与分析具有一定的参考价值。     

渤海典型海域表层沉积物正构烷烃特征比较

对渤海典型海域表层沉积物正构烷烃特征进行比较研究.分别采集葫芦岛市近岸海域(1#)、东营市近岸海域(2#)、营口市近岸海域(3#)9个站点的表层沉积物样品,经索氏提取、柱净化后进行GC-MS分析.结果表明,各站位都表现为双峰型,显示了陆源与海源双重贡献特征,但主导峰各不相同;正构烷烃含量(∑n-alk)均值分别为5.43μg.g-1、2.27μg.g-1、4.30μg.g-1;三海域碳优势指数CPI、奇偶优势指数OEP、姥鲛烷和植烷比值Pr/Ph等特征比值基本相同,指示混合来源及中性偏氧化的沉积环境;C31/C19均值分别为11.19、4.51、6.73,短/长链比值L/H均值分别为0.50、1.48、1.31,类脂物比值TAR均值分别为3.61、1.03、1.19,综合显示葫芦岛市近岸海域正构烷烃来源主要为陆源高等植物,而营口及东营近岸海域沉积物正构烷烃更多来源于内生浮游生物源及石油源,三海域沉积物受人类污染影响程度从高到低分别为2#海域(东营)>3#海域(营口)>1#海域(葫芦岛市),且东营近岸海域沉积物受石油污染特征明显.这些特征都与3个海域周边城市发展与污染输入特征有直接的关系.     

有机改性膨润土在印染废水处理中的应用

膨润土是一种非常有用的非金属矿物原料,其有机改性得到的有机改性膨润土可以较好地去除印染废水中的有机污染物和色度。本文综述了有机改性膨润土的制备方法及其在印染废水处理中的应用现状。     

江苏省2014-2016年臭氧污染区域特征分析

分析2014—2016年江苏省O₃污染状况,以及苏北、苏中和苏南3个典型区域O₃年度、季度、日变化和频度占比等分布特征。结果表明,江苏省的O₃空间分布呈现北低南高,2014—2016年的O₃超标占比由18.4%上升至34.9%;2016年苏北、苏中和苏南地区O₃-8h第90百分位数与2014年相比,上升2.7%,21.8%和3.3%;3个区域夏季O₃-8h均值最高,春、秋2季次之,冬季最低;O₃-1h日变化呈单峰状态,最低值出现在06:00—07:00,最高值出现在15:00—16:00;2016年3个地区的O₃频度占比均呈正态分布,主要集中在40~80 μg/m³,所占比例均>15%;苏中和苏南区域2016和2014年相比O₃频率占比的变化幅度较大,苏北地区变化幅度不大。指出,江苏省的O₃污染程度在逐年提高,污染范围从苏南逐渐往中部和北部城市扩大。     

影响微生物絮凝剂生成的条件研究

从污水中筛选到了一株絮凝活性较好的絮凝剂产生菌 ,分别研究了碳源、氮源、供氧量、培养温度等条件对其产絮凝剂的影响。结果表明 ,葡萄糖、淀粉是较好的碳源 ,蛋白胨等有机氮作氮源较好 ,供氧量较大有利于产絮凝剂 ,最适宜培养温度为 30℃ ,最佳pH为 6 .5～ 7.5。     

君安矿区复垦土壤的环境质量分析与评价

以君安矿区复垦土壤为调查研究对象,分析了该矿区不同复垦基质的主要重金属污染元素Pb、Cu、Cd和Cr的含量,并采用三步评价法对该矿不同区域复垦土壤的环境质量进行了分析与评价。结果表明:君安矿西区、东区复垦土壤环境质量合格,北区、南区和中区复垦土壤均不符合我国土壤环境质量标准;通过将矿区与全国土壤背景值进行比较可知,矿区复垦土壤未受到重金属Cu的污染,受Cd、Cr的污染较轻,受Pb的污染较严重。该研究可为进一步确定矿区土壤复垦方向提供依据。     

落石冲击作用下架设油气管道响应分析

针对影响油气管道安全运营的落石冲击问题,基于弹塑性力学、Cowper-Symonds本构模型和有限元方法,建立了球形落石冲击油气管道的计算模型,对管道动态响应过程进行了数值模拟。对冲击速度、落石半径、管道内压力和落石冲击位置进行了参数敏感性分析,研究了各参数对管道冲击变形的影响规律。结果表明:落石的冲击能量主要用于管道塑性变形;冲击过程中,落石与管道的接触区域由初始的椭圆斑逐渐变成了椭圆环;管道塑性变形随着冲击速度和落石半径的增大而增大,随内压和落石偏移度的增大而减小。该研究工作为油气管道的安全评价及防护工程的设计提供了参考依据,对保障油气安全运输具有重要的工程意义。     

Comparing Green and Grey Infrastructure Using Life Cycle Cost and Environmental Impact: A Rain Garden Case Study in Cincinnati,OH

Green infrastructure (GI) is quickly gaining ground as a less costly, greener alternative to traditional methods of stormwater management. One popular form of GI is the use of rain gardens to capture and treat stormwater. We used life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare environmental impacts of residential rain gardens constructed in the Shepherd's Creek watershed of Cincinnati, Ohio to those from a typical detain and treat system. LCA is an internationally standardized framework for analyzing the potential environmental performance of a product or service by including all stages in its life cycle, including material extraction, manufacturing, use, and disposal. Complementary to the life cycle environmental impact assessment, the life cycle costing approach was adopted to compare the equivalent annual costs of each of these systems. These analyses were supplemented by modeling alternative scenarios to capture the variability in implementing a GI strategy. Our LCA models suggest rain garden costs and impacts are determined by labor requirement; the traditional alternative's impacts are determined largely by the efficiency of wastewater treatment, while costs are determined by the expense of tunnel construction. Gardens were found to be the favorable option, both financially (~42% cost reduction) and environmentally (62‐98% impact reduction). Wastewater utilities may find significant life cycle cost and environmental impact reductions in implementing a rain garden plan.     

灾害条件下多层次应急疏散模型的构建方法研究

人们每天都要面对各种造成严重财产和人身安全损失的重大灾害,如何建立灾害条件下中国人口高密度大范围的应急疏散模型,具有重大的意义。该文基于我国灾害条件下高密度人口的集体疏散模式,按照灾害区域的具体情况和人口分布,以道路实时速度和路面损毁程度所决定的道路阻抗性作为评判道路疏散能力的依据,构建从危险区域的多集结点到安全区域的多安置点的多层次应急疏散模型,确定集体疏散人员的疏散路径、人数和车辆,实现在最短的时间内的受灾群众整体最优疏散,并以山东省德州发生地震作为实验区,采用Google Map API和C#搭建多层次应急疏散平台,验证了多层次应急疏散模型的可行性。     

Can arbuscular mycorrhiza and fertilizer management reduce phosphorus runoff from paddy fields?

Our study sought to assess how much phosphorus (P) runoff from paddy fields could be cut down by fertilizer management and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A field experiment was conducted in Lalin River basin, in the northeast China: six nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium fertilizer levels were provided (0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of the recommended fertilizer supply), with or without inoculation with Glomus mosseae. The volume and concentrations of particle P (PP) and dissolved P (DP) were measured for each runoff during the rice growing season. It was found that the seasonal P runoff, including DP and PP, under the local fertilization was 3.7 kg/ha, with PP, rather than DP, being the main form of P in runoff water. Additionally, the seasonal P runoff dropped only by 8.9% when fertilization decreased by 20%; rice yields decreased with declining fertilization. We also found that inoculation increased rice yields and decreased P runoff at each fertilizer level and these effects were lower under higher fertilization. Conclusively, while rice yields were guaranteed arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer management would play a key role in reducing P runoff from paddy fields.