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Aluminium is the most-used metal in the world after steel, with a wide range of applications in the industrial field owing to its physical and mechanical properties. The aim of this study was environmental and economic analysis of secondary aluminium. In particular, this study demonstrated that aluminium recycling offers many advantages to both consumers and industry:
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Increased energy savings compared to primary aluminium production;
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Recovery and reuse of raw materials for future production avoids consumption of non-renewable resources;
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Reduction in landfill waste and consequent environmental damage;
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Reduction in bauxite mining which, in turn, will reduce the socio-economic impact on populations of those countries, mainly underdeveloped, that contain mines;
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Economic advantages for Italy, the first European producer of secondary aluminium, which lacks bauxite mines and has high energy costs.
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Monia Perugini Pierina Visciano Maurizio Manera Annalisa Zaccaroni Vincenzo Olivieri Michele Amorena 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(4):2205-2213
Heavy metal (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg and Se) concentrations in the muscle and bone of four fish species (Mullus barbatus, Merluccius merluccius, Micromesistius poutassou, and Scomber scombrus) from the central Adriatic Sea were measured and the relationships between fish size (length and weight) and metal concentrations in the tissues were investigated. Samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometry with automatic dual viewing. In the muscle, results of linear regression analysis showed that, except for mercury, significant relationships between metal concentrations and fish size were negative. Only mercury levels were positively correlated with Atlantic mackerel size (p?<?0.05). No significant variations of heavy metal concentrations were observed in muscles of the examined species, but a significant difference (p?<?0.01) was found for As, Cd, Pb, and Se concentrations in bone. All the investigated metals showed higher values in the muscle than in bone, except for lead and zinc. Regarding cadmium, lead, and mercury maximum levels, set for the edible portion by European legislation, several samples exceeded these values, confirming the heavy metal presence in species caught near the Jabuka Pit. 相似文献
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Biogas or landfill gas can be converted to a high-grade gas rich in methane with the use of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash as a reactant for fixation of CO2 and H2S. In order to verify results previously obtained at a laboratory scale with 65–90 kg of bottom ash (BA), several test runs were performed at a pilot scale, using 500–1000 kg of bottom ash and up to 9.2 N m3/h real landfill gas from a landfill in the Tuscany region (Italy). The input flow rate was altered. The best process performance was observed at a input flow rate of 3.7 N m3/(h tBA). At this flow rate, the removal efficiencies for H2S were approximately 99.5–99%. 相似文献
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Soluble and insoluble fractions of heavy metals in wet and dry atmospheric depositions in Bologna,Italy 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Morselli L Olivieri P Brusori B Passarini F 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,124(3):457-469
Atmospheric depositions were collected monthly using a modified wet and dry sampler (dry deposition was collected on a water surface) located in Bologna, a northern Italian urban area, to evaluate the impact of airborne heavy metals on the local pollution load. Wet deposition samples were filtered and heavy metal contents in soluble and insoluble fractions were determined. The same procedure was applied to the water samples which collected dry deposition. The entire procedure was tested using a certified reference material (CRM), which provided satisfying recovery results. The percentage of heavy metal soluble fraction in dry deposition was generally lower than in wet one; Cd, V, Cu and Zn showed a higher average solubility than Cr, Ni and Pb both in wet and dry deposition. Factor analysis, after a varimax rotation of principal components, suggested possible anthropogenic sources which explain different metal deposition patterns. This data analysis also allowed to distinguish different clusters formed by monthly fluxes of heavy metals. 相似文献
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Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCs) were found in tissue of marine organisms such as Mediterranean mussel, Norway lobster, red mullet, common cuttle-fish, European flying squid, European anchovy, European pilchard and Atlantic mackerel, coming from two sites along the Abruzzo coast of the Adriatic Sea. Species were selected due to their habitat, trophic level, feeding behaviour and their use in the Italian diet. Mussels, filter feeder and sedentary organisms, were used in order to test water pollution whereas Norway lobster and red mullet (benthic fish) were used in order to test sediment pollution. The concentration of ?PCBs exceeded that of ?OCs in the samples analysed. The highest concentrations of ?PCBs (1415 ng/g lipid weight) and ?OCs (507 ng/g lipid weight) were found in pilchard while the lowest concentrations of the same pollutants were found in cephalopods. Our results have shown that species such as anchovy, pilchard and mackerel, were the most polluted due to their location at the last level of the trophic chain. All samples contained different concentrations of PCBs and among these, congeners 153 and 138 were the most representative. Among the OCs, except for the cuttle-fish, the highest concentrations were found for p,p(')-DDE and p,p(')-DDD that are metabolite of DDT. The prevailing DDE presence, compared to DDT (high DDE/DDT ratio), suggested that the biotransformation rate of pollutants was very efficacious in fish and above all in crustaceans. Results have also been interpreted in terms of geographical distribution and organisms' biological cycle. None of the samples analysed exceeded the tolerance limits established by the OCs Italian legislation. 相似文献
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