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121.
Marcia Thais Suriano Alaide A. Fonseca-Gessner Fabio O. Roque Claudio G. Froehlich 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,175(1-4):87-101
The development of biomonitoring programs based on the macroinvertebrate community requires the understanding of species distribution patterns, as well as of the responses of the community to anthropogenic stressors. In this study, 49 metrics were tested as potential means of assessing the condition of 29 first- and second-order streams located in areas of differing types of land use in São Paulo State, Brazil. Of the sampled streams, 15 were in well-preserved regions in the Atlantic Forest, 5 were among sugarcane cultivations, 5 were in areas of pasture, and 4 were among eucalyptus plantations. The metrics were assessed against the following criteria: (1) predictable response to the impact of human activity; (2) highest taxonomic resolution, and (3) operational and theoretical simplicity. We found that 18 metrics were correlated with the environmental and spatial predictors used, and seven of these satisfied the selection criteria and are thus candidates for inclusion in a multimetric system to assess low-order streams in São Paulo State. These metrics are family richness; Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) richness; proportion of Megaloptera and Hirudinea; proportion of EPT; Shannon diversity index for genus; and adapted Biological Monitoring Work Party biotic index. 相似文献
122.
Carnevale C Finzi G Pisoni E Singh V Volta M 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(12):3437-3447
Air quality forecasting is an important issue in environmental research, due to the effects that air pollutants have on population health. To deal with this topic, in this work an integrated modelling system has been developed to forecast daily maximum eight hours ozone concentrations and daily mean PM10 concentrations, up to two days in advance, over an urban area. The presented approach involves two steps. In the first step, artificial neural networks are identified and applied to get point-wise forecasting. In the second step, the forecasts obtained at the monitoring station locations are spatially interpolated all over the domain using the cokriging technique, which allows to improve the spatial interpolation in the absence of densely sampled data. The integrated modelling system has been then applied to a case study over Northern Italy, performing a validation over space and time for the year 2004 and analyzing if the limit values for the protection of human health set by the European Commission are respected. The presented approach represents a fast and reliable way to provide decision makers and the general public with air quality forecasting, and to support prevention and precautionary measures. 相似文献
123.
Lastre-Acosta Arlen Mabel Cristofoli Bruno Segawa Parizi Marcela Prado Silva do Nascimento Claudio Augusto Oller Teixeira Antonio Carlos Silva Costa 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23887-23895
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aimed at investigating the photochemical behavior of sulfa drugs containing five and six-membered heterocyclic substituents... 相似文献
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126.
Claudio S. Quilodrán Mathias Currat Juan I. Montoya‐Burgos 《Conservation biology》2018,32(5):1139-1149
Human‐induced habitat changes may lead to the breakdown of reproductive barriers between distantly related species. This phenomenon may result in fertile first‐generation hybrids (F1) that exclude the genome of one parental species during gametogenesis, thus disabling introgression. The species extinction risk associated with hybridization with genome exclusion is largely underappreciated because the phenomenon produces only F1 hybrid phenotype, leading to the misconception that hybrids are sterile and potentially of minor conservation concern. We used a simulation model that integrates the main genetic, demographic, and ecological processes to examine the dynamics of hybridization with genome exclusion. We showed that this mode of hybridization may lead to extremely rapid extinction when the process of genome exclusion is unbalanced between the interbreeding species and when the hybridization rate is not negligible. The coexistence of parental species was possible in some cases of asymmetrical genome exclusion, but show this equilibrium was highly vulnerable to environmental variation. Expanding the exclusive habitat of the species at risk allowed its persistence. Our results highlight the extent of possible extinction risk due to hybridization with genome exclusion and suggest habitat management as a promising conservation strategy. In anticipation of serious threats to biodiversity due to hybridization with genome exclusion, we recommend a detailed assessment of the reproductive status of hybrids in conservation programs. We suggest such assessments include the inspection of genetic content in hybrid gametes. 相似文献
127.
Marco Moriondo Marco Bindi Claudio Fagarazzi Roberto Ferrise Giacomo Trombi 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(3):553-567
Understanding the impacts of climate change on viticulture is especially essential in those areas producing high-quality wines.
In this work, we create an operational framework to investigate climate change impact on viticulture in the Tuscany region
(central Italy) the viticulture industry of which relies on producing high-quality wines to compete in a global market. The
framework includes (i) statistical downscaling of General Circulation Model (GCM) outputs for the period 1975–2099 to a local
scale; (ii) the use of downscaling outputs as driving variables in specific simulation models; (iii) the spatial interpolation
of model outputs to feed an economic and (iv) a quality model. The results show that as a consequence of a progressive increase
in temperature and a decrease in rainfall, (a) the area potentially suitable for grapevine cultivation increases; (b) the
grapevine growth cycle becomes shorter; (c) the final yield is gradually reduced, particularly in those areas characterised
by quality cultivation regulation; and d) the premium wine quality production areas shift towards higher elevations. The proposed
framework revealed itself to be an effective tool for climate change impact assessment at a very local scale. Additionally,
this approach may be easily extended to testing the effect of different adaptation strategies in terms of management practices
(e.g. irrigation) and grape varieties (e.g. longer or shorter cycle, advanced or delayed bud burst). 相似文献
128.
We have measured, in the edible frog (Pelophylax kl. esculentus), the effect of two fungicides (8-hydroxyquinoline and captan), and four herbicides (DCMU, glyphosate, paraquat, and propachlor) on the short-circuit current, whose value gives an estimate of the net ion transport taking place across isolated skin. Glyphosate and paraquat treatment produced a modest increase in short-circuit current, corresponding to 2.6±0.7 and 4.6±0.8 μA·cm?2, whereas the other substances had a more sustained effect, ranging from 9.1±0.6 (propachlor) to 14.8±0.9 μA·cm?2 (captan), which is mainly attributable to an increase in the Na+ absorption, and, to a lesser extent, Cl? secretion. The increase in short-circuit current after pesticide treatment, was partially abolished by AF12198, indomethacin, SC58125, SQ 22536, and W7; these results suggest that pesticides, independently from their chemical structure, induce the release of interleukin-1, which triggers the activity of cyclooxygenase-2, whose products, via a concentration in intracellular cAMP and Ca2+ concentration, increase Na+ absorption. The resulting Na+ disequilibrium must be compensated for by other epithelia, with the only consequence being the dissipation of energy. However, our results are important because they indicate that pesticides interact with the basic cellular machinery, which is responsible for the myriad of biological functions of different cell types. 相似文献
129.
Patrizia Sadocco Silvia Nocerino Ernestina Dubini-Paglia Alberto Seves Graziano Elegir 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1997,5(1):57-65
An extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase was purified fromAureobacterium saperdae cultural medium by using hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The isolated enzyme was composed of a single polypeptide
chain with a molecular mass of 42.7 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE and by native gel filtration on TSK-HW-55S. The enzyme was
not a glycoprotein. Its optimum activity occurred at pH 8.0 and it showed a broad pH stability, ranging from pH 3 to pH 11.N-Bromosuccinamide and 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide completely inactivated the enzyme, suggesting the involvement of tryptophan
residues at the active site of the protein. The enzyme was very sensitive to diisopropyl fluorophosphate and diazo-dl-norleucine methyl ester, showing the importance of serine and carboxyl groups. The modification of cysteine residues byp-hydroxy mercuricbenzoate did not cause a loss of activity, whereas dithiothreitol rapidly inactivated the enzyme, revealing
the presence of disulfide bonds.A saperdae depolymerase acted on the surface layer of PHB films and the degradation proceeded by surface erosion releasing monomers
and dimers of 3-hydroxybutric acid. The degradation of PHB films byA. saperdae depolymerase was partially inhibited in the presence of excess amounts of enzyme. This phenomenon, already observed by Mukaiet al. with poly(hydroxyalkanoates) depolymerases fromAlcaligenes faecalis, Pseudomonas pickettii, andComamonas testosteroni, was analyzed according to the kinetic model proposed by these authors. The experimental data evidenced a general agreement
with the kinetic model, although higher initial degradation rates were found withA. saperdae depolymerase. 相似文献
130.