Transformation of copper oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles in the soil and their accumulation by Hordeum sativum

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - In recent years, the study of the influence of nanoparticles (NPs) on the environment has attracted much interest as nanotechnology is becoming the key...     

浅层天然气井喷对地层的损伤影响与桩基工程危害分析

针对杭州湾大桥在勘探过程中发现桥址区地层有浅层天然气分布并发生井喷这一现象,基于现场勘探时浅层气井喷特点与影响因素,认为引起井喷的主要原因是起钻抽吸作用和灌浆不及时所致。井喷是含浅层气土体的渗透比降超过其气压临界比降条件下的非饱和渗流破坏过程,对地层的影响表现为对土体的损伤和扰动,按扰动程度可分为剧烈扰动区、严重扰动区、轻微扰动区和含气层压密区。桥址区粘土层中的浅层气不会对桩基工程产生明显的危害,但砂土层中的浅层气可能会引起土体剧烈扰动显著降低桩基承载力、桩基发生不均匀沉降或桩腿下沉、桩基中产生负摩擦力和阻碍桩基础顺利施工等不利影响,应从桩基础合理选型、预先进行不扰动土体控制释放浅层气、充分考虑不利因素的安全设计,以及在施工过程中增高钻孔桩作业平台与增大泥浆比重等几方面进行灾害防治。     

广铜酸性废水处理工艺改进研究

探讨了对广钢集团广铜公司的污水处理系统的一些改进方案。通过加强对废水排放的管理,加建天棚临时存放污泥,改进风机加强曝气过程的搅拌作用等措施,使得该系统更适应日益扩大的生产规模,废水处理能力提高了70％,并且污水处理质量提高,运行更为稳定,能源消耗减少,年可节电费10万元,污水处理费用降低,处理后废水的回用率达40％以上。     

Cadna/A软件在高速铁路声环境影响评价中的应用

通过分析高速铁路噪声源及声屏障插入后的声传播特征,以Cadna/A噪声计算模式等为基础,建立了基于Cadna/A软件的高速铁路噪声预测模型。利用德国及我国建立在测试基础上的噪声源强数据及噪声预测模式对Cadna/A预测模型进行验证与修正,获得了与我国目前计算规范较一致的噪声预测结果。最后根据铁路声屏障特点,建立了铁路声屏障的Cadna/A计算模型,计算结果与实测结果差异较小。结果表明:只需对Cadna/A软件模型参数做适当验证性修正,该软件即可适用于我国高速铁路噪声环境影响的预测。同时,基于Cadna/A软件的铁路声屏障模型还可用于指导声屏障优化设计工作。     

使用变频器、软启动器与缓闭止回阀相结合的办法消除停泵水锤

根据某自来水厂水泵运行中出现的水锤问题,对取水泵房、送水泵房、反冲洗泵房出现的水锤问题进行了分析、试验,针对不同的情况,通过使用变频器、软启动器与缓闭止回阀相结合的办法,减小或消除了停泵水锤。     

Heavy Metal Pollution of Surface Soil in the Thrace Region, Turkey

Abstact Samples of surface soil were collected at 73 sites in the Thrace region, northwest part of Turkey. Two complementary analytical techniques, epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with flame and graphite furnace atomization were used to determine 35 elements in the soil samples. Concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined using AAS and GF AAS, and ENAA was used for the remaining 27 elements. Results for As, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu Eu, Fe, Hf, I, In, K, La, Mn, Mo, Na, Nd, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, U, V and Zn are reported for the first time for soils from this region. The results show that concentrations of most elements were little affected by the industrial and other anthropogenic activities performed in region. Except for distinctly higher levels of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn in Istanbul district than the median values for the Thrace region, the observed distributions seem to be mainly associated with lithogenic variations. Spatial distributions of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were plotted in relation to the concentration values in soil using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology     

Biogas production from olive pomace

Biogas production from a slurry obtained by mixing finely ground olive pomace in water was investigated using anaerobic digesters of 1-l working volume at 37°C. A start-up culture was obtained from a local landfill area and was adopted to the slurry within 10 days at this temperature. The biogas generation rates were determined by varying the total solids (TS) concentration in the slurry and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) during semi-continuous digestion. The maximum rate was found to be 0.70 l of biogas per l of digester volume per day, corresponding to a HRT of 20 days and 10% TS with a yield of 0.08 l biogas per g chemical oxygen demand (COD) added to the digester. The methane content of the biogas was in the range of 75–80% for both batch and semi-continuous runs, the remainder being principally carbon dioxide.     

无机稳定剂处理重金属污染土壤

以重金属污染土壤为研究对象,比较了铁屑、蒙脱石、碳酸钙和羟基磷灰石4种稳定剂对土壤中Pb,Zn,Cd,Cu 4种重金属的稳定效果。实验结果表明,4种稳定剂稳定效率的大小顺序为：羟基磷灰石﹥碳酸钙﹥蒙脱石﹥铁屑。当稳定剂质量分数为10%时,羟基磷灰石、碳酸钙、蒙脱石和铁屑对Pb,Zn,Cd,Cu 4种重金属的平均稳定效率分别为99.63%,98.53%,97.15%,86.95 %。未加稳定剂时,土壤中的Pb以残渣态为主,Zn以残渣态和可交换态为主,Cd以残渣态为主,Cu以残渣态和可交换态为主;加入稳定剂后,土壤中4种金属可交换态的所占比例（简称占比）均显著降低,还原态的占比明显增大,残渣态的占比略有增大,氧化态的占比基本保持不变。     

Analysis of environmental impact assessment (EIA) system in Turkey

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) System, which embodies the ??prevention principle?? of the environmental law, is an important tool for environmental protection. This tool has a private importance for Turkey since it is a developing country, and it entered the Turkish law in 1983 with the Environmental Law. Besides, the EIA Regulation, which shows the application principles, became effective in 1993. Because Turkey is a candidate for European Union (EU), the EIA Regulation has been changed due to the EU compliance procedure, and its latest version became valid in 2008. This study aims to emphasize The EIA system in Turkey to supervise the efficiency of this procedure and point the success level. In the introduction part, general EIA concept, its importance, and some notations are mentioned. Following that, the legislation, which builds the EIA system, has been analyzed starting from the 1982 Turkish Constitution. Then, the legislation rules are explained due to the basic steps of the EIA procedure. In order to shed light upon the application, the EIA final decisions given until today, the results, and their distributions to the industries are assessed. In the final part of the study, a SWOT analysis is made to mention the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities, and threats of the EIA system in Turkey.