Intracellular biosynthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles using ethanolic extract of Brassica oleracea L. and studies on their physicochemical and biological properties

In this present study, we reported broccoli(Brassica oleracea L.) as a potential candidate for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles(NPs) in green chemistry method. The synthesized metal nanoparticles are evaluated their antimicrobial efficacy against different human pathogenic organisms. The physico-chemical properties of gold nanoparticles were analyzed using different analytical techniques such as a UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer. In addition, gold and silver NP antimicrobial efficacy was checked by disc diffusion assay. UV–Vis color intensity of the nanoparticles was shown at 540 and 450 nm for gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. Higher magnification of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy image shows the variable morphology of the gold nanoparticles such as spherical, rod and triangular shapes and silver nanoparticles were seen in spherical shapes. The average spherical size of the particles was observed in 24–38 nm for gold and 30–45 nm for silver NPs. X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the presence of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles which were crystalline in nature. Additionally,the functional metabolites were identified by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. IR spectra revealed phenols, alcohols, aldehydes(sugar moieties), vitamins and proteins are present in the broccoli extract which are accountable to synthesize the nanoparticles. The synthesized gold and silver NPs inhibited the growth of the tested bacterial and fungal pathogens at the concentration of 50 μg/m L respectively. In addition, broccoli mediated gold and silver nanoparticles have shown potent antimicrobial activity against human pathogens.     

Management of municipal solid waste incineration residues

The management of residues from thermal waste treatment is an integral part of waste management systems. The primary goal of managing incineration residues is to prevent any impact on our health or environment caused by unacceptable particulate, gaseous and/or solute emissions. This paper provides insight into the most important measures for putting this requirement into practice. It also offers an overview of the factors and processes affecting these mitigating measures as well as the short- and long-term behavior of residues from thermal waste treatment under different scenarios. General conditions affecting the emission rate of salts and metals are shown as well as factors relevant to mitigating measures or sources of gaseous emissions.     

国家环境经济政策进展评估:2013

本文综合采用了实地调研法、政策追踪法、政策计量分析法对2013年度我国重点环境经济政策的年度进展、成效与问题进行了系统评估与分析,在此基础上对本年度环境经济政策实践进展总体状况进行了研判,并指出了下一步环境经济政策改革需要解决的关键问题。     

光助电催化降解偶氮染料酸性橙II的降解过程研究

使用自制的具有电催化活性和光催化活性TiO2改性的β-PbO2电极,研究了光助电催化氧化过程、电催化氧化过程和光催化氧化过程对于偶氮染料酸性橙II的降解.用紫外可见光谱和高效液相色谱分析了3种降解过程中不同的降解行为,对降解产物进行了FTIR和GC-MS分析.结果表明,单独电催化过程不同于其它2种过程,出现了醌类物质的大量累积;而在光助电催化氧化过程中,光催化氧化过程大大抑制了电催化氧化过程中累积的高毒性醌类物质.在2h内,光助电催化氧化过程是其它2种过程TOC去除率的1.56倍,产生了明显的协同作用.3种降解过程遵循相同的降解历程,都经历了产生醌类物质到低分子量有机酸的步骤.     

应用Win-Surfer软件绘制降水等值线图

空间插值是各种地学、生态学研究中经常遇到的问题。文章以中国1950年至1998年160个测站年均降水量数据为例,介绍采用空间插值绘图软件Win-Surfer绘制等值线图的基本方法与步骤,并对软件中几种常用的空间插值方法的优缺点进行简要的对比分析。     

城市生态安全评价研究

城市生态安全是指城市生态环境支撑条件以及所面临生态环境问题不对其生存和发展造成威胁，即城市生态系统功能和过程能够满足其持续生存与发展需求。以佛山市为例，选择了资源、环境、生物和灾害等因素，各因素再选择若干评价要素，采用几何平均法计算了城市生态系统安全指数。资源安全评价选择了能源、水资源和粮食等要素，其安全指数为0．22；环境安全评价选择了水环境、大气环境、固体废物和农业环境，其安全指数为0．58；生物安全因素安全评价选择了生物多样性保护、外来入侵物种、森林植被等要素，其安全指数为0．30；选择水土流失、地质灾害、气象灾害和生物灾害等要素进行生态灾害安全评价，指数为0．79；佛山市生态安全综合指数为0．42。研究还表明，生态安全评价宜根据最小限制因子定律，选择关键影响因子进行评价。     

基于环境逸度模型的化学物质暴露与风险评估研究进展

工业化学品通过各种迁移转化过程后在环境区间中广泛分布,同时新化学品正被大量的生产并进入环境,使得对于化学品管控的需求和压力不断增加。基于这一背景,多国政府颁布了相应的政策法规对化学品进行管控。除了用相应的政策法规进行预先管控之外,使用基于逸度概念的多介质环境模型来表征化学品的行为与归趋是一个相对简单而有效的方法,不仅适用于环境中存在的现有化学品的暴露评估,也成为各国化学品管理中对新化学品的环境暴露进行预测的有力工具。本文综述逸度概念与方法、相关环境模型、建模过程、应用验证等方面的国内外研究进展,希望能够对我国化学品环境暴露评估与风险评估的模型构建、优化与方法应用提供信息和借鉴。     

我国低硒带与克山病、大骨节病病因关系的研究

一、我国克山病、大骨节病的地理分布规律 我国克山病主要分布于黑龙江省到云南省、西藏东部一条东北—西南走向不连续的宽带内,称之为“病带”(图1)。这个病带具有共同的特点:     

呼伦贝尔草原土壤粘粉粒组分对有机碳和全氮含量的影响

土壤在维持全球碳、氮循环中起着重要的作用。利用土壤粒级分组的方法,分析了呼伦贝尔草原土壤有机碳、全氮、阳离子交换量,并探讨其空间差异与成因。结果表明,(1)在呼伦贝尔草原,土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)在不同地质发育的土壤类型中变异较大,而土壤粘粉粒组分中的有机碳(SOCclay-silt)、全氮(TNclay-silt)质量分数变异较小。在土壤表层(0~20cm),SOC、TN质量分数分别介于0.24%~3.70%、0.0316~0.3403mg/kg,而SOCclay-silt、TNclay-silt平均质量分数分别为3.61%±0.50%、0.3440%±0.0251%。在土壤下层(20~40cm),SOC、TN质量分数分别介于0.13%~2.91%、0.0175~0.2511mg/kg,而SOCclay-silt、TNclay-silt平均值分别为2.65%±0.63%、0.2622%±0.0923%。(2)土壤有机碳、全氮与土壤粘粉粒比例之间呈显著的正相关,表明土壤粘粉粒比例愈高,土壤有机碳和全氮在土壤中稳定性就愈强。     

粘土制砖过程中固氟剂的研究

基于制砖时氟易与钙结合生成高温下较稳定的ＣａＦ２,从而降低氯化物逸出量,在试验分析２４种钙基物料固氟效果的基础上,选取效果较佳的６种分别在实验室和砖瓦厂进行优化添加比例试验,对其中途中 作了砖质检验,以研究其可能对成品砖质量的影响,并进行了相应的理论分析。